{"slug":"cca-data-centres-energy-share-2026","study":"2.6% of the sites, 12.3% of the energy: data centres in the UK’s Climate Change Agreements scheme","question":"Among the facilities certified for the UK's Climate Change Levy discount under the Climate Change Agreements scheme, what share are data centres, and what share of the scheme's reported energy do they account for?","publisher":"Servnet","built":"2026-09-25","builder":"Servnet Research, scripts/research/cca-data-centres-energy-share-2026/analyse.py","data_as_at":"2026-09-25","as_at_line":"Computed 2026-09-25 from two Environment Agency workbooks downloaded 2026-09-25T09:06Z and mirrored with their hashes. Facility counts are the certification period 7 register (published under a landing page dated 18 September 2026; the file itself was generated 31 August 2026). Energy is target period 6, the calendar year 2024. No network access at analysis time.","licence":{"source_data":"Open Government Licence v3.0","source_data_url":"https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/","attribution_required":"Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. The attribution statements the publisher specifies are “© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2016. All rights reserved.” for the Reduced Rate Certificates register and “© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2017. All rights reserved.” for the Sector Performance Data workbook; both are reproduced as published.","derived_work":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","derived_work_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","derived_attribution":"Servnet, “2.6% of the sites, 12.3% of the energy: data centres in the UK’s Climate Change Agreements scheme”, https://www.servnetuk.com/research/cca-data-centres-energy-share-2026","third_party_rights":"One source, techUK's Climate Change Agreements page, is not open-licensed. It is cited as prior work with a single short quotation and none of its content is republished.","personal_data":"The published dataset contains no personal data. Facility addresses are not carried for any sector. Operator names are published only where the string carries a registered-company or public-body token; 236 rows are withheld by that screen. All 214 data centre operator strings are bodies corporate."},"population":{"n":8285,"unit":"certified facility","definition":"Every facility on the Environment Agency's published Reduced Rate Certificates register for certification period 7 (1 July 2025 to 30 June 2027), as mirrored on 25 September 2026. A census of the published register, not a sample.","not_complete_on_the_face_of_the_regulations":"Described as the complete published register rather than a complete statutory register. Regulation 9(4), read with 9(6), lets the administrator withhold a facility from the list entirely on facility-security or national-security grounds. In practice the publisher's note says only addresses are withheld, and all 214 data centre rows are present with identifiers and operator names.","secondary_population":{"n":46,"unit":"sector carrying target-period-6 energy","definition":"The 46 of 55 sector rows on the TP6 sheet of the Sector Performance Data workbook that carry a target-period energy figure, totalling 100323.471 GWh.","period":"Target period 6, 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024, a twelve-month period."},"sectors_in_register":49,"sectors_with_fewer_than_ten_facilities":[{"sector":"Glass","facilities":1},{"sector":"Cement","facilities":2},{"sector":"Egg Processing","facilities":3},{"sector":"Tyres","facilities":3},{"sector":"Geosynthetic Non-Woven","facilities":4},{"sector":"Steel","facilities":5},{"sector":"Wood Panels","facilities":5},{"sector":"Leather","facilities":6},{"sector":"Non-Ferrous Metals","facilities":6},{"sector":"Ceramics","facilities":7},{"sector":"Silica Sand","facilities":8},{"sector":"Calcium Carbonate","facilities":9},{"sector":"Surface Engineering Heat Treatment","facilities":9}]},"preRegisteredMetrics":[{"id":"facility-share","statement":"Data centres are 214 of the 8,285 facilities on the CP7 Reduced Rate Certificates register.","value":2.583,"unit":"per cent","numerator":214,"denominator":8285,"denominator_definition":"every facility row on the Data sheet of the Reduced Rate Certificates register for certification period 7, in a file generated 31 August 2026 and published under a landing page dated 18 September 2026","n":8285,"source":"RRC register, sheet 'Data'"},{"id":"energy-share","statement":"Data centres account for 12,327.58 of the 100,323.47 GWh of target-period energy the scheme reported for TP6.","value":12.288,"unit":"per cent","numerator":12327.576,"denominator":100323.471,"denominator_definition":"the sum of the target-period energy column across the 46 TP6 sectors that carry one. Nine of the 55 sector rows carry no energy figure, so this is the energy the scheme reported, not the scheme's whole energy","n":46,"source":"Sector Performance Data workbook, sheet 'Sector_performance_data_TP6'"},{"id":"intensity-ratio","statement":"The energy share is 4.76 times the facility share.","value":4.757,"unit":"ratio","numerator":12.287829,"denominator":2.582981,"denominator_definition":"the facility share, 2.583 per cent of 8,285 facilities","n":null,"source":"the two figures above","caution":"This ratio is not the highest in the scheme. On the same measure data centres rank 9th of the 45 register sectors that carry TP6 energy."},{"id":"energy-rank","statement":"Data centres rank 2nd of the 46 TP6 sectors that report energy, behind Food and Drink and ahead of Chemicals.","value":2,"unit":"rank","denominator":46,"denominator_definition":"the 46 sector rows in the TP6 sheet that carry a target-period energy figure","n":46,"source":"Sector Performance Data workbook, TP6 sheet"},{"id":"intensity-rank","statement":"On energy per certified facility, data centres rank 9th of the 45 register sectors that carry TP6 energy.","value":9,"unit":"rank","denominator":45,"denominator_definition":"the 45 CP7 register sectors that have a TP6 energy figure after the crosswalk; four register sectors have their energy withheld and are excluded","n":45,"source":"the joined table","caution":"Published to stop the study reading as though data centres were the most disproportionate sector in the scheme. They are not."},{"id":"gwh-per-facility","statement":"57.61 GWh per certified data centre against a scheme mean of 12.11 GWh per certified facility.","value":57.605,"unit":"GWh per facility per year","numerator":12327.576,"denominator":214,"denominator_definition":"214 certified data centre facilities; the scheme mean is 100,323.47 GWh over all 8,285 certified facilities, including the 20 whose sector energy is withheld","n":214,"source":"the joined table","caution":"A mean over two populations measured at different dates. It must not be multiplied by any external count of data centres."},{"id":"bakers-supermarkets-multiple","statement":"Data centre TP6 energy is 6.35 times the combined TP6 energy of the Bakers and Supermarkets sectors.","value":6.354,"unit":"multiple","numerator":12327.576,"denominator":1940.237,"denominator_definition":"Bakers 1,432.87 GWh over 1,796 facilities plus Supermarkets 507.37 GWh over 2,032 facilities","n":3828,"source":"the joined table","caution":"Neither sector means what its name suggests. The scheme's Bakers sector is craft baking, not industrial baking, and its Supermarkets sector is food processing inside supermarket stores, not a supermarket's electricity. The comparison must carry those definitions wherever it appears."},{"id":"operator-range","statement":"The 214 data centre facilities resolve to between 60 and 87 distinct operators depending on the normalisation rule, with top-ten concentration between 44.4 and 60.3 per cent.","value":{"distinct_operators":[87,82,82,78,60],"top_ten_share_pct":[44.4,49.1,49.1,51.9,60.3]},"unit":"range across five rules","denominator":214,"denominator_definition":"the 214 certified data centre facilities","n":214,"source":"register operator strings for the Data Centres sector","caution":"Published as a range across five rules stated side by side. It is never collapsed to a single number, and it does not appear in the headline."},{"id":"register-total","statement":"The CP7 register carries 8,285 facility rows across 49 sectors, with no duplicate facility identifier.","value":8285,"unit":"facilities","denominator":8285,"denominator_definition":"the register itself; this is the population","n":8285,"source":"RRC register, sheet 'Data'"},{"id":"reported-energy-total","statement":"TP6 reported energy totals 100,323.47 GWh across 46 sectors; nine sector rows carry no energy figure.","value":100323.471,"unit":"GWh","denominator":55,"denominator_definition":"the 55 sector rows on the TP6 sheet, of which 46 carry energy","n":46,"source":"Sector Performance Data workbook, TP6 sheet"}],"page":{"title":"2.6% of the sites, 12.3% of the energy: data centres in the UK’s Climate Change Agreements scheme","headline":"Data centres are 214 of the 8,285 facilities on the certification period 7 register of the UK's Climate Change Agreements scheme, 2.58 per cent, but 12,328 of the 100,323 GWh the scheme reported for target period 6, the calendar year 2024, 12.29 per cent. The two shares are measured at different dates over different files. That is six times the energy reported by the scheme's 1,796 craft bakeries and 2,032 supermarket food-processing facilities put together. On energy per certified facility the sector ranks 9th of 45.","scope_line":"214 is a count of facilities carrying the sector name 'Data Centres' in the Environment Agency's Reduced Rate Certificates register for certification period 7. It is a count of members of one voluntary tax-discount scheme. It is not a count of data centres in the UK, and it cannot be combined with any other data centre count.","standfirst":"The Environment Agency publishes who is certified for the Climate Change Levy discount, and separately publishes how much energy each sector reported. It does not join the two. Joined, data centres are 2.58 per cent of the scheme's certified facilities and 12.29 per cent of the energy it reported for 2024.","meta_description":"One voluntary tax-discount scheme, not a UK count: data centres are 214 of the 8,285 facilities certified under the UK's Climate Change Agreements scheme, and 12.29% of the energy the scheme reported for 2024.","as_at_line":"Target period 6 energy is calendar 2024. The facility register is certification period 7, published September 2026.","wording_rules":["Never let 214 read as the number of data centres in the UK. The scope line sits under the headline and in the meta description.","Say “the energy the scheme reported” or “reported scheme energy”, never “the scheme's energy”: nine sector rows carry no energy figure.","Never write “first”, “first ever” or “nobody has”. Write “we found no published analysis that …”.","Never collapse the operator range to one number, and never put an operator count in the headline.","No figure from any target period other than TP6 appears anywhere, and no two periods are compared.","The bakery and supermarket comparison always carries the sector definitions: craft baking, and food processing inside supermarket stores.","Do not call data centres the most disproportionate or most intensive sector. They rank 9th of 45 on energy per facility.","Do not convert any figure into homes, households, pounds of relief, or any external quantity.","State the denominator with every percentage and n with every cut."],"headlines":[{"metric":"Data centres as a share of certified facilities","value":"2.58%","detail":"214 facilities. 214 is a count of facilities carrying the sector name 'Data Centres' in the Environment Agency's Reduced Rate Certificates register for certification period 7. It is a count of members of one voluntary tax-discount scheme. It is not a count of data centres in the UK, and it cannot be combined with any other data centre count.","denominator":"the 8,285 facilities on the CP7 Reduced Rate Certificates register, published 18 September 2026","source":"Environment Agency, Reduced Rate Certificates register, certification period 7"},{"metric":"Data centres as a share of the energy the scheme reported","value":"12.29%","detail":"12,327.58 GWh of 100,323.47 GWh, for target period 6, which ran for the calendar year 2024. Nine of the 55 sector rows carry no energy figure, so this is a share of reported energy, not of the scheme's whole energy.","denominator":"the 100,323.47 GWh of target-period energy reported across the 46 TP6 sectors that carry a figure","source":"Environment Agency, Sector Performance Data workbook, TP6"},{"metric":"Energy share against facility share","value":"4.76 times","detail":"12.29 per cent of reported energy against 2.58 per cent of facilities. On the same measure data centres rank 9th of 45 sectors, so this is a large sector with high intensity, not the scheme's most disproportionate one.","denominator":"the facility share, 2.583 per cent","source":"the two figures above"},{"metric":"Rank by reported TP6 energy","value":"2nd of 46","detail":"Behind Food and Drink at 20,426.67 GWh and ahead of Chemicals at 10,141.42 GWh.","denominator":"the 46 TP6 sectors that carry a target-period energy figure","source":"Environment Agency, Sector Performance Data workbook, TP6"},{"metric":"Rank by facility count","value":"8th of 49","detail":"Behind Supermarkets (2,032), Bakers (1,796), Food and Drink (751), Poultry Meat Rearing (549), Plastics (447), Cold Storage (414) and Printing (285).","denominator":"the 49 sectors on the CP7 register","source":"Environment Agency, Reduced Rate Certificates register, certification period 7"},{"metric":"Reported energy per certified data centre","value":"57.6 GWh","detail":"Against a scheme mean of 12.1 GWh per certified facility. TP6 is a 12-month period, so these are annual figures. 0.80 GWh per craft bakery and 0.25 GWh per supermarket food-processing facility.","denominator":"214 certified data centre facilities against 8,285 certified facilities","source":"the joined table"},{"metric":"Distinct operators behind the 214 facilities","value":"between 60 and 87","detail":"87, 82, 82, 78 and 60 under five normalisation rules published side by side; top-ten concentration moves from 44.4 to 60.3 per cent across the same five. The register files some operators one company per data hall and carries several operator names under more than one spelling, one of them under three, so no single count is defensible.","denominator":"the 214 certified data centre facilities","source":"register operator strings, Data Centres sector"}],"sections":[{"id":"what-was-already-known","order":1,"heading":"What was already known","body":"techUK, which holds the umbrella agreement for the data centre sector, states on its Climate Change Agreements page that “Over 170 data centre sites currently participate in the scheme.” The page is dated 14 November 2023. It does not say what a “site” is, or the date the count is as at, and the identical sentence appears in Internet Archive captures from 7 December 2023 to 16 May 2026, so it has not been revised since it was published. techUK also published a company count in September 2017, for target period 2: “129 facilities from 57 target units, representing 42 companies.” That figure describes a period that ended on 31 December 2016 and is not set against anything here. The Environment Agency's own narrative report for target period 6 does not mention data centres at all. We found no published analysis that sets the data centre sector's share of the scheme's facilities against its share of the scheme's energy.","what_this_adds":["A reproducible facility count from the statutory register, with a stated definition and a stated date, rather than a site count that defines neither: 214 rows carrying the sector name 'Data Centres' in the CP7 register, in a file generated on 31 August 2026 and published under a landing page dated 18 September 2026.","The energy side, which exists only in a separate workbook, joined to the facility side through a published sector crosswalk.","The pair itself: facility share against energy share for the same named scheme."],"not_a_correction":"Our 214 is not a correction of techUK's “over 170”. The two use different definitions at different dates, so neither can be checked against the other."},{"id":"what-the-scheme-is","order":2,"heading":"What the scheme is, and what 214 counts","body":"Climate Change Agreements are voluntary. An operator joins through a sector association, which holds an umbrella agreement; the operator's own underlying agreement sets an energy-efficiency target on its target unit, not on its sector. Certified facilities qualify for a discount on the Climate Change Levy: 92 per cent on electricity and 89 per cent on gas in the rates published from 1 April 2024. Meeting the target is not a condition of keeping the discount. An operator that misses its target may instead pay a buy-out fee — £25 for each tonne of CO2e above its target emissions in target period 6 — and stay certified, and the Environment Agency records that 1,766 target units, 54.5 per cent of them, missed their target period 6 target. “Certified” on the register used here therefore means certified for the discount, not passed an efficiency test. The Environment Agency administers the scheme for the whole of the UK on behalf of the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, and must publish a list of certified facilities under regulations 9(1) and 9(2) of the Climate Change Agreements (Administration) Regulations 2012, revised on the last working day of each month. That list is the register used here.\n\nThe eligible activity for the data centre sector, code DATC, is “the leasing or licensing of a data facility which is being used as a data centre”, where a data facility needs regulated temperature and humidity, a back-up supply and an electricity supply of at least 200 kW. On its face that is colocation rather than a facility an operator runs for its own workloads. The register nonetheless carries operators that read as enterprises running facilities for their own workloads rather than as colocation providers, so the activity may be read more broadly in practice; we note the tension and do not resolve it. The scheme was also closed to new entrant facilities from 1 November 2018 until a new-entrant window that closed on 30 September 2025, so building completed across that period could not join the scheme while it was shut. It is not shut now: under the February 2026 statutory guidance, “new entrants can apply to be considered for inclusion in an existing umbrella agreement between 1 January and 31 August from 2026 to 2029 inclusive”.","scope_line":"214 is a count of facilities carrying the sector name 'Data Centres' in the Environment Agency's Reduced Rate Certificates register for certification period 7. It is a count of members of one voluntary tax-discount scheme. It is not a count of data centres in the UK, and it cannot be combined with any other data centre count."},{"id":"the-pair","order":3,"heading":"The pair: 2.58 per cent of the facilities, 12.29 per cent of the reported energy","body":"The register gives facility counts and no energy. The sector performance workbook gives energy and no facility counts. Neither file joins to the other, and the publisher does not join them. Joined through the crosswalk published with this study, the 214 certified data centre facilities are 2.58 per cent of the 8,285 on the register, while the 12,327.58 GWh the sector reported for target period 6 is 12.29 per cent of the 100,323.47 GWh reported across the 46 sectors that carry an energy figure. The energy share is 4.76 times the facility share.\n\nBy reported energy the sector ranks 2nd of 46, behind Food and Drink at 20,426.67 GWh and ahead of Chemicals at 10,141.42 GWh. By facility count it ranks 8th of 49. It is worth saying plainly what this is not: on energy per certified facility the sector ranks 9th of the 45 register sectors that carry energy, behind Glass, Steel, Compressed Gases, Wood Panels, Paper, Motor Manufacturing, Metal Packaging and Chemicals. Glass and Steel are a handful of very large plants. What is unusual about data centres is the combination: a large number of facilities and a high energy figure per facility."},{"id":"bakers-supermarkets","order":4,"heading":"The bakery comparison, with the definitions attached","body":"The scheme's two largest sectors by facility count are Supermarkets — which inside this scheme means food processing in supermarket stores — with 2,032 certified facilities, and Bakers — craft baking, expressly not industrial baking — with 1,796. Together they reported 1,940.24 GWh for target period 6, against 12,327.58 GWh from 214 data centres: 6.35 times as much from about an eighteenth as many facilities — 3,828 certified facilities against 214.\n\nNeither sector name means what it appears to mean, and the comparison is misleading without the definitions. The Environment Agency's operations manual defines the Bakers sector, code NAMB, as craft baking: a facility producing “bread, morning goods, flour confectionery and savoury products … using traditional bakery skills, rather than ‘industrial’ type baking processes”. The Supermarkets sector, code FDFS, is “a facility which treats and processes materials intended for the production of food products in supermarket stores” — the food preparation inside the store, not the store's electricity. 507.37 GWh is not what the UK's supermarkets use.","definitions":{"Bakers (NAMB)":"A facility belongs to the craft baking sector if it is a facility that produces bread, morning goods, flour confectionery and savoury products from animal and vegetable raw materials and using traditional bakery skills, rather than ‘industrial’ type baking processes.","Supermarkets (FDFS)":"A facility belongs to the supermarket sector if it is a facility which treats and processes materials intended for the production of food products in supermarket stores.","Data Centres (DATC)":"The business activity is the leasing or licensing of a data facility which is being used as a data centre."},"definitions_source":"Climate Change Agreements Operations Manual, February 2022, LIT7911, Appendix A: Eligible processes. Environment Agency. OGL v3.0."},{"id":"operators","order":5,"heading":"How many operators, and why there is no single answer","body":"The register publishes an operator name against every facility. Counting the distinct names behind the 214 data centre facilities gives a different answer for every defensible rule, so all five are published side by side and none is used in the headline.\n\nThe instability has two visible causes, pulling in opposite directions. Some operators file each data hall as a separate company, so counting registered entities overstates the number of distinct businesses. And the register carries the same registered name under more than one spelling, so the raw count overstates it again: several names do this, one of them under three spellings, and the two largest cover 15 facilities between them and 11 between them. Rule 5 goes further than spelling and merges on the first word of a name, which fuses that 15 with a separately registered company into a single holding of 45 — and, by the same rule, fuses unrelated companies that happen to share a first word. That is why rule 5 is published as an upper bound rather than an estimate. Top-ten concentration moves from 44.4 per cent under the raw strings to 51.9 per cent under the strictest rule we treat as defensible, a swing of 7.5 points on a choice of rule, and to 60.3 per cent under rule 5's deliberate over-merge.","table":"operator_levels"},{"id":"what-is-not-here","order":6,"heading":"What this study does not do","body":"No comparison is made between target periods. Target period 6 ran for twelve months; target periods 1 to 5 each ran for twenty-four, and there was no target period at all in 2023. A TP5 to TP6 comparison would show a near-halving that is period length, not a fall in consumption. The Environment Agency itself warns that “simple comparisons in their energy and emissions must be approached with caution” because of differences in reporting scope, throughput and methodology, and scheme membership changes between periods.\n\nNo attempt is made to locate the 214 facilities. The Environment Agency withholds facility addresses for six sectors, including data centres, for reasons of national security and site security, and every data centre row carries a placeholder in place of an address. Nothing here is converted into a number of homes or a sum of money, and no figure is used to estimate anything outside the scheme."}],"caveats":["214 is a count of facilities certified under one voluntary scheme, not a count of data centres in the UK. It must not be multiplied by, netted against, or compared with any external data centre count.","The two halves of the headline pair are measured at different dates. The facility share is over the 8,285 facilities certified for certification period 7, in a register file generated on 31 August 2026 and published under a landing page dated 18 September 2026. The energy share is over target period 6, which ran from 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024, when the Environment Agency's biennial report records 3,332 target units covering 8,685 facilities in the scheme. Each share is internally consistent within its own file. They are not two cuts of one population, and this is the weakest joint in the metric.","100,323.47 GWh is the energy the scheme reported, not the scheme's whole energy. Nine of the 55 TP6 sector rows carry no energy figure. Five of those nine are blank throughout and have no CP7 register counterpart. The other four — Cement, Egg Processing, Kaolin and Ball Clay and Tyres, 20 certified facilities between them — report emissions but not energy. The Environment Agency does not say why those four in particular are blank; it states a general rule, that it “deliberately excluded energy consumption data for sectors with fewer than 3 distinct operators to avoid disclosure of commercially sensitive information”, and the attribution of the four blanks to that rule is ours, not the publisher's. Note that five further sector rows are blank for energy and are not attributed to it. Those four sectors are 1.30 per cent of reported TP6 emissions, so the effect on the data centre share is small, and it runs downwards: the true all-scheme share would be slightly below 12.29 per cent.","Those 20 facilities count in the facility denominator but contribute nothing to the energy denominator, so the two denominators are not perfectly coextensive. They are 0.24 per cent of the register.","The energy figures cover only energy subject to a Climate Change Agreement. In the Environment Agency's words, the report “only covers the energy use that is subject to a CCA, which may not be all the energy used in facilities (for example, fuels used by those regulated by the UK Emission Trading Scheme, UK ETS, are excluded)”. These are not site totals.","Target period 6 is a twelve-month period covering calendar 2024, so 100,323.47 GWh and 12,327.58 GWh are annual figures, and 57.6 GWh per certified data centre is an annual figure.","Data centres rank 9th of 45 on energy per certified facility. The 4.76 ratio is a real and large gap, but the sector is not the most disproportionate in the scheme and the study should not be read as saying so.","The two workbooks name their sectors differently, so the join runs through a hand-built crosswalk published with this study: 42 exact matches, 8 renamed or split, 5 performance sectors with no CP7 counterpart. Data Centres, Bakers and Supermarkets each match one-to-one on an exact string, so no headline figure depends on a crosswalk judgement.","The scheme's Bakers sector is craft baking, defined against ‘industrial’ baking, and its Supermarkets sector is food processing inside supermarket stores, not a supermarket's electricity. The bakery comparison is meaningless without those definitions and they are carried with it wherever it appears.","Distinct-operator counts for the 214 facilities range from 60 to 87 across five rules and top-ten concentration from 44.4 to 60.3 per cent. The range is the finding. No single operator count is published, and no operator figure appears in the headline.","The register publishes an operator name for every facility. In the farming sectors that name can be an individual's. The published dataset carries an operator name only where the string contains a registered-company or public-body token; 236 of 8,285 rows are withheld by that screen, and all 214 data centre rows pass it. The screen is ours, is deliberately strict, and is reproducible from the published dataset: the rows it withholds are the rows where operator_as_published is empty.","Facility addresses are withheld by the publisher for six sectors — Data Centres, Eggs and Poultry Meat, Meat, Pigs, Poultry Meat Processing and Poultry Meat Rearing — for reasons of national security and site security. That is 1,148 facilities, including all 214 data centres. No address of any kind is carried into the published dataset, for any sector.","Both source files are overwritten at the same URL every month with no archive and no version history. From the next Environment Agency refresh, the live URLs will not reproduce these figures. The byte counts, md5 and sha256 of the exact files used are published in the source list; the exact files themselves are republished with this study under the Open Government Licence v3.0, so the whole analysis stays checkable after the sources have moved on; and the analysis script refuses to run against different bytes.","The register's own internal timestamp decodes to 31 August 2026, while the data.gov.uk landing page says the dataset was updated on 18 September 2026. The latest certification start date anywhere in the file is 26 August 2026, which is consistent with a file generated on 31 August. Both dates are real and mean different things; the file used here was generated on 31 August 2026 and published on the landing page dated 18 September 2026.","Four official sources give four different sector counts for the same scheme: 49 sector names on the register's Data sheet, 48 sector associations on its Details sheet, 55 sector rows on the TP6 sheet and 53 claimed on the sector performance landing page. Each figure here names which of those it uses.","The sector performance landing page is stale against its own data: it still describes a scheme running to 31 March 2025 and “four biennial target periods between 2013 and 2020”. It is not used for sector counts or scheme dates.","Percentages on fewer than ten facilities are marked in the published dataset. Thirteen of the 49 register sectors have fewer than ten certified facilities, one of them a single facility. No claim here rests on any of them.","The workbook states that energy and emissions were “rounded down to 2 decimal places for presentation purposes”, but the stored cells carry full precision and are used as stored. Every figure is rounded once, at presentation.","The data centre sector is recorded as meeting its target period 6 target while reporting more absolute energy than in its base year, because the target is an efficiency measure adjusted for membership change while the energy columns are not. The two figures are not comparable, neither is set against the other anywhere in this study, and no growth in data centre energy use is measured or claimed here.","Two prior-art sources could not be checked. The House of Commons Library briefing on data centres and the Environmental Audit Committee's written evidence both sit behind a challenge that returned an error to our identifying user agent; we stopped rather than working around it. The Commons Library is the most likely place a competing UK figure would appear, so the prior-art sweep has a known hole there. The finding is worded as what we found, not as what exists.","Certification is not a pass mark. An operator that misses its target may pay a buy-out fee — £25 for each tonne of CO2e above target emissions in target period 6 — and stay certified: the Environment Agency records 1,766 target units, 54.5 per cent, failing their TP6 target. The 8,285 facilities counted here are facilities certified for the discount, not facilities that met an efficiency target.","The scheme covers the whole of the UK, not Great Britain: the Environment Agency administers it UK-wide on behalf of the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, and 177 of the 8,285 certified facilities carry Northern Ireland postcodes. None of the 177 is a data centre facility, for a mechanical reason rather than a geographic one: data centre rows carry a placeholder in place of an address, so they cannot appear in a postcode-derived count at all. The register does not say where the 214 are."],"sources":[{"id":"ea_rrc_cp7","name":"Climate Change Agreements: Reduced Rate Certificates (RRC), certification period 7","publisher":"Environment Agency","role":"facility counts; the study's primary population","file_url":"https://environment.data.gov.uk/api/file/download?fileDataSetId=671c16da-9129-4a65-a99c-85acd58350f1&fileName=Climate_Change_Agreements_-_Reduced_Rate_Certificates_(RRC).xlsx","landing_url":"https://www.data.gov.uk/dataset/791f5d8b-ac3b-4669-9e7b-e269ae634f94/climate-change-agreements-reduced-rate-certificates-rrc","landing_updated":"18 September 2026","file_generated":"31 August 2026 (internal timestamp)","retrieved":"2026-09-25T09:06:12Z","bytes":549952,"md5":"3d6832c081de879062e2fb482d618106","sha256":"5fc40640e262c234ac18b222ee0b88c04c0eb3854a3efeedc205edfa756e9bcb","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0","licence_url":"https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/","attribution":"© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2016. All rights reserved.","robots":"environment.data.gov.uk/robots.txt disallows /pubutil/, /doc/, /data/ and others, but not /api/file/download. One request.","update_policy":"Overwritten at the same URL on the last working day of each month. No archive, no version history."},{"id":"ea_sector_performance","name":"Climate Change Agreements: Sector Performance Data (TP1 to TP6)","publisher":"Environment Agency","role":"reported energy by sector; the study's energy denominator","file_url":"https://environment.data.gov.uk/api/file/download?fileDataSetId=a7ba7185-f9ea-46ac-a661-fb27cfa8f5dc&fileName=Climate_Change_Agreements_-_Sector_Performance_Data.xlsx","landing_url":"https://www.data.gov.uk/dataset/f98a442f-32c8-4c0a-8c1e-e0576b283b89/climate-change-agreements-sector-performance-data","landing_updated":"18 September 2026","retrieved":"2026-09-25T09:06:19Z","bytes":65086,"md5":"3a66e1102eb8ac67faad2df3032dfa6a","sha256":"5d2f6639e7aa1c611e360afd3ceb9b88eb083092fb9007714c42369ae7af40d0","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0","licence_url":"https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/","attribution":"© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2017. All rights reserved.","robots":"Same host and path as above; permitted. One request.","update_policy":"Overwritten at the same URL monthly. No archive.","quirk":"Declares the purl.oclc.org OOXML namespace rather than schemas.openxmlformats.org. A parser bound to the usual namespace returns zero rows from this file silently, with no error."},{"id":"ea_biennial_tp6","name":"Climate Change Agreements biennial progress report for 2023 and 2024","publisher":"Environment Agency","role":"the calendar span of target period 6, the energy-suppression rule, the CCA-covered-energy scope note, and the scheme size at the end of TP6","landing_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/climate-change-agreements-cca-biennial-report/climate-change-agreements-biennial-progress-report-for-2023-and-2024","retrieved":"2026-09-25T09:11Z","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0","attribution":"Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.","key_quotes":["TP6 ran from 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024 only.","We have deliberately excluded energy consumption data for sectors with fewer than 3 distinct operators to avoid disclosure of commercially sensitive information.","This report only covers the energy use that is subject to a CCA, which may not be all the energy used in facilities (for example, fuels used by those regulated by the UK Emission Trading Scheme, UK ETS, are excluded).","simple comparisons in their energy and emissions must be approached with caution","There were 3,332 active underlying agreements in force covering 8,685 facilities immediately after the end of TP6."]},{"id":"ea_operations_manual","name":"Climate Change Agreements Operations Manual, February 2022 (LIT7911), Appendix A: Eligible processes","publisher":"Environment Agency","role":"the eligible-activity definitions for the Data Centres, Bakers and Supermarkets sectors, and the sector codes","landing_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/climate-change-agreements-operations-manual--2","file_url":"https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6216220cd3bf7f4f0399d084/Climate-Change-Agreements-Operations-Manual.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-25","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0","note":"Dated February 2022 and written for the scheme as extended to March 2025, but still the live attachment on its GOV.UK publication page as at 25 September 2026. The February 2026 statutory guidance does not restate the DATC definition."},{"id":"govuk_ccl_rates","name":"Climate Change Levy rates (guidance)","publisher":"HM Revenue and Customs","role":"the value of the discount: 92 per cent electricity, 89 per cent gas, 77 per cent LPG, 89 per cent other, from 1 April 2024 to 1 April 2027","landing_url":"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/climate-change-levy-rates","retrieved":"2026-09-25T09:10Z","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0","note":"Gas and other taxable commodities were 88 per cent, not 89 per cent, before 1 April 2024. The page's last published column is the rate from 1 April 2027 and carries the same percentages; nothing on it ends the relief on that date."},{"id":"legislation_si_2012_1976","name":"The Climate Change Agreements (Administration) Regulations 2012 (SI 2012/1976), regulation 9","publisher":"The National Archives / legislation.gov.uk","role":"the statutory basis of both published files: regulations 9(1) and 9(2) for the register, 9(3) for the performance report, and 9(4), 9(6) and 9(7) for the withholding powers","landing_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/1976/regulation/9/made","retrieved":"2026-09-25","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0"},{"id":"desnz_statutory_guidance_2026","name":"Climate Change Agreements: statutory guidance 2026 (accessible webpage)","publisher":"Department for Energy Security and Net Zero","role":"the end of certification period 7, and the 2026 to 2029 new-entrant application window","landing_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/climate-change-agreements-statutory-guidance/climate-change-agreements-statutory-guidance-2026-accessible-webpage","landing_updated":"24 February 2026","retrieved":"2026-09-25T10:42Z","bytes":120988,"md5":"1f8c1a404e72f9054dab077354aa847d","sha256":"329607b21c96665d495b218d68b35b44ed779a104079ad7c85b379284220d5ca","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0","licence_url":"https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/","attribution":"Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.","robots":"www.gov.uk/robots.txt disallows only /*/print$ and /search/all*. One request.","key_quotes":["This includes decisions taken during Certification Period 7, which has been extended to 30 June 2027.","New entrants can apply to be considered for inclusion in an existing umbrella agreement between 1 January and 31 August from 2026 to 2029 inclusive."],"note":"Mirrored because it resolves two things the other sources disagree on or do not carry, and because a page that is 'updated' at a stable URL can change under a study that cites it."},{"id":"techuk_cca_page","name":"Climate Change Agreements (CCA) for data centres","publisher":"techUK","role":"prior work: the only published participation figure for the data centre sector we found","landing_url":"https://www.techuk.org/resource/climate-change-agreements-cca-for-data-centres.html","retrieved":"2026-09-25T09:11Z","licence":"techUK copyright. Not open-licensed. Mirrored for verification only; one short sentence quoted with attribution as prior work. No data from this page is republished.","quote":"Over 170 data centre sites currently participate in the scheme."}],"disagreements":[{"about":"When certification period 7 ends","positions":[{"source":"data.gov.uk, Reduced Rate Certificates landing page","figure":"1 July 2025 to 30 June 2027"},{"source":"Environment Agency, biennial progress report for 2023 and 2024, section 3.1","figure":"introduced on 1 July 2025 and running until 31 March 2027"},{"source":"Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, Climate Change Agreements: statutory guidance 2026, updated 24 February 2026","figure":"“Certification Period 7, which has been extended to 30 June 2027”"}],"what_we_do":"We report all three. The 2026 statutory guidance is the latest of them and is consistent with the landing page, so the population is described as certification period 7, 1 July 2025 to 30 June 2027, with the biennial report's earlier end date recorded. No figure in this study depends on the end date."},{"about":"When the register was published","positions":[{"source":"data.gov.uk landing page","figure":"Updated 18 September 2026"},{"source":"The workbook's own Details sheet, cell B2, Excel serial 46265.895","figure":"31 August 2026, 21:28 UTC"},{"source":"data.gov.uk landing page, dataset reference date (revision)","figure":"31 August 2026"}],"what_we_do":"Both are recorded. The file was generated on 31 August 2026 and appears under a landing page dated 18 September 2026. Nothing here is dated to 18 September alone."},{"about":"How many sectors the scheme has","positions":[{"source":"RRC register, Data sheet","figure":"49 distinct sector names"},{"source":"RRC register, Details sheet","figure":"48 sector associations, with two sectors spelled differently from the Data sheet and one, Silica Sand, absent"},{"source":"Sector Performance Data workbook, TP6 sheet","figure":"55 sector rows, 46 of them carrying energy"},{"source":"data.gov.uk sector performance landing page","figure":"53 industrial sectors"},{"source":"Environment Agency biennial report","figure":"50 active sectors and sub-sectors"}],"what_we_do":"Every count in this study names the file it comes from. The crosswalk between the register's 49 and the workbook's 55 is published in full so the join can be checked line by line."},{"about":"How many data centre sites are in the scheme","positions":[{"source":"techUK, Climate Change Agreements for data centres page, dated 14 November 2023, live 25 September 2026","figure":"“Over 170 data centre sites currently participate in the scheme.”"},{"source":"This study, from the CP7 register","figure":"214 certified facilities carrying the sector name Data Centres"}],"what_we_do":"These are not in conflict, and neither can be checked against the other. techUK counts “sites” that “participate” on a page dated 14 November 2023, without defining a site or giving an as-at date for the figure; we count rows on the certification register at a stated date. The two are not the same quantity, and neither corrects the other."},{"about":"How many facilities are in the scheme","positions":[{"source":"RRC register, certification period 7","figure":"8,285 certified facilities"},{"source":"Environment Agency biennial report, at the end of TP6","figure":"3,332 target units covering 8,685 facilities"},{"source":"Environment Agency biennial report, section 4.3","figure":"6,656 facilities certified at the start of the certification period"}],"what_we_do":"These are different bases at different dates — certified against in-scheme, and a register that is revised monthly against a snapshot. They are reported side by side and never subtracted from one another. The biennial report also names the period in that third figure as CP6, which conflicts with its own section 3.1; we flag it and do not rely on it."}],"prior_art":[{"who":"techUK","what":"Climate Change Agreements (CCA) for data centres, a resource page","published":"14 November 2023, as dated on the page; the sentence is present unchanged in Internet Archive captures from 7 December 2023 to 16 May 2026 and was live on 25 September 2026","finding":"“Over 170 data centre sites currently participate in the scheme.”","how_ours_differs":"A count from the statutory register with a stated definition and a stated date: 214 rows carrying the sector name Data Centres in the CP7 register. techUK's page is dated, but gives no definition of “site” and no as-at date for the figure; a 2023 page and a 2026 register are different vintages of different things. The two are not the same quantity, and neither corrects the other."},{"who":"techUK","what":"Climate Change Agreement (CCA) for Data Centres — Target Period Two: Report on Findings","published":"September 2017","finding":"“This means that the target period performance data published in this report covers 129 facilities from 57 target units, representing 42 companies.”","how_ours_differs":"Different population, different date, nine years earlier. It is not set against any figure here, because doing so would be a time series and this study publishes none."},{"who":"CETEx, Centre for Economic Transition Expertise, London School of Economics and Political Science","what":"Submission to the UK government consultation “Risks and opportunities to the sustainability of data centres in the UK”","published":"July 2026","finding":"Negative evidence. A 2026 expert policy submission on the sustainability of UK data centres that contains no occurrence of “Climate Change Agreement”, “Climate Change Levy”, “CCA”, “CCL” or “reduced rate”. Nothing is quoted from it and its named authors are not reproduced.","how_ours_differs":"It is the closest recent policy analysis of UK data centre energy we found, and it does not reach the scheme at all. That is part of why the pair published here had not already been computed."},{"who":"Environment Agency","what":"Climate Change Agreements biennial progress report for 2023 and 2024","published":"18 December 2025","finding":"Scheme-wide energy savings and reporting totals for target period 6. The report has no sector-level breakdown: neither 100,323 GWh nor 12,328 GWh appears in it, and the string “data centre” does not appear anywhere in its text.","how_ours_differs":"The sector split exists only in the performance workbook, and the facility-to-energy pair cannot be read off any single official file. That is the gap this study fills."}],"dropped_on_purpose":["Any operator or company count in the headline. Top-ten concentration runs from 44.4 per cent under the raw strings to 51.9 per cent under the strictest rule we treat as defensible — a 7.5-point swing on a choice of rule — and to 60.3 per cent under rule 5, which is published as an upper bound rather than an estimate.","The facility churn or turnover finding, entirely. There is no archival snapshot of the register anywhere against which to bound it.","Any comparison between target periods. TP6 is twelve months, TP1 to TP5 are twenty-four, and there was no target period in 2023.","Any use of an energy-per-facility figure to extrapolate beyond the scheme.","Any attempt to locate the 214 facilities, infer their locations from operator names, or look up addresses elsewhere.","Any conversion of the relief into a sum of money or a number of homes.","A map. There are no addresses to put on one, and constructing them would defeat the publisher's security withholding."]},"data":{"sector_table":[{"register_sector":"Supermarkets","sector_code":"FDFS","sector_association":"FDF Climate Change Levy Agreement Limited","performance_rows":["Supermarkets"],"facilities_cp7":2032,"facility_share_pct":24.5263,"small_n":false,"tp6_energy_gwh":507.369,"energy_reported":true,"energy_share_of_reported_pct":0.5057,"gwh_per_facility":0.25,"intensity_ratio":0.021,"intensity_rank_of_45":45},{"register_sector":"Bakers","sector_code":"NAMB","sector_association":"The National Association of Master Bakers","performance_rows":["Bakers"],"facilities_cp7":1796,"facility_share_pct":21.6777,"small_n":false,"tp6_energy_gwh":1432.868,"energy_reported":true,"energy_share_of_reported_pct":1.4282,"gwh_per_facility":0.798,"intensity_ratio":0.066,"intensity_rank_of_45":44},{"register_sector":"Food and Drink","sector_code":"FDF1","sector_association":"FDF Climate Change Levy 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Federation","performance_rows":["Plastics"],"facilities_cp7":447,"facility_share_pct":5.3953,"small_n":false,"tp6_energy_gwh":7658.738,"energy_reported":true,"energy_share_of_reported_pct":7.634,"gwh_per_facility":17.134,"intensity_ratio":1.415,"intensity_rank_of_45":26},{"register_sector":"Cold Storage","sector_code":"CSDF","sector_association":"Cold Chain Federation","performance_rows":["Cold Storage"],"facilities_cp7":414,"facility_share_pct":4.997,"small_n":false,"tp6_energy_gwh":3859.694,"energy_reported":true,"energy_share_of_reported_pct":3.8472,"gwh_per_facility":9.323,"intensity_ratio":0.77,"intensity_rank_of_45":40},{"register_sector":"Printing","sector_code":"BPIF","sector_association":"British Printing Industries Federation","performance_rows":["Printing"],"facilities_cp7":285,"facility_share_pct":3.44,"small_n":false,"tp6_energy_gwh":3184.414,"energy_reported":true,"energy_share_of_reported_pct":3.1741,"gwh_per_facility":11.173,"intensity_ratio":0.923,"intensity_rank_of_45":38},{"register_sector":"Data Centres","sector_code":"DATC","sector_association":"Information Technology Telecommunications and Electronics Association (techUK)","performance_rows":["Data Centres"],"facilities_cp7":214,"facility_share_pct":2.583,"small_n":false,"tp6_energy_gwh":12327.576,"energy_reported":true,"energy_share_of_reported_pct":12.2878,"gwh_per_facility":57.605,"intensity_ratio":4.757,"intensity_rank_of_45":9},{"register_sector":"Chemicals","sector_code":"CIA","sector_association":"CIABATA Limited","performance_rows":["Chemicals"],"facilities_cp7":172,"facility_share_pct":2.076,"small_n":false,"tp6_energy_gwh":10141.416,"energy_reported":true,"energy_share_of_reported_pct":10.1087,"gwh_per_facility":58.962,"intensity_ratio":4.869,"intensity_rank_of_45":8},{"register_sector":"Laundries","sector_code":"TSA","sector_association":"Textile Services Association Limited","performance_rows":["Laundries"],"facilities_cp7":146,"facility_share_pct":1.7622,"small_n":false,"tp6_energy_gwh":1489.019,"energy_reported":true,"energy_share_of_reported_pct":1.4842,"gwh_per_facility":10.199,"intensity_ratio":0.842,"intensity_rank_of_45":39},{"register_sector":"Eggs and Poultry Meat","sector_code":"NFU5","sector_association":"National Farmers Union","performance_rows":["Eggs & Poultry Meat"],"facilities_cp7":136,"facility_share_pct":1.6415,"small_n":false,"tp6_energy_gwh":418.231,"energy_reported":true,"energy_share_of_reported_pct":0.4169,"gwh_per_facility":3.075,"intensity_ratio":0.254,"intensity_rank_of_45":41},{"register_sector":"Surface Engineering","sector_code":"SEA","sector_association":"Surface Engineering Association","performance_rows":["Surface Engineering"],"facilities_cp7":128,"facility_share_pct":1.545,"small_n":false,"tp6_energy_gwh":1717.33,"energy_reported":true,"energy_share_of_reported_pct":1.7118,"gwh_per_facility":13.417,"intensity_ratio":1.108,"intensity_rank_of_45":35},{"register_sector":"Meat","sector_code":"BMPA","sector_association":"British Meat Processors Association","performance_rows":["Meat"],"facilities_cp7":121,"facility_share_pct":1.4605,"small_n":false,"tp6_energy_gwh":1811.01,"energy_reported":true,"energy_share_of_reported_pct":1.8052,"gwh_per_facility":14.967,"intensity_ratio":1.236,"intensity_rank_of_45":29},{"register_sector":"Agricultural Supplies","sector_code":"AIC","sector_association":"The Agricultural Industries Confederation","performance_rows":["Agricultural Supply"],"facilities_cp7":120,"facility_share_pct":1.4484,"small_n":false,"tp6_energy_gwh":1767.522,"energy_reported":true,"energy_share_of_reported_pct":1.7618,"gwh_per_facility":14.729,"intensity_ratio":1.216,"intensity_rank_of_45":30},{"register_sector":"Horticulture","sector_code":"NFU4","sector_association":"National Farmers Union","performance_rows":["Horticulture"],"facilities_cp7":117,"facility_share_pct":1.4122,"small_n":false,"tp6_energy_gwh":1447.003,"energy_reported":true,"energy_share_of_reported_pct":1.4423,"gwh_per_facility":12.368,"intensity_ratio":1.021,"intensity_rank_of_45":37},{"register_sector":"Spirits","sector_code":"SEEC","sector_association":"Spirits Energy Efficiency Company","performance_rows":["Spirits"],"facilities_cp7":88,"facility_share_pct":1.0622,"small_n":false,"tp6_energy_gwh":2393.759,"energy_reported":true,"energy_share_of_reported_pct":2.386,"gwh_per_facility":27.202,"intensity_ratio":2.246,"intensity_rank_of_45":20},{"register_sector":"Dairy","sector_code":"DIAL","sector_association":"Dairy Energy 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This knowingly over-merges unrelated companies that share a first word, and is published as an upper bound on concentration, not as an estimate.","distinct_operators":60,"facilities":214,"top_ten_facilities":129,"top_ten_share_of_214_pct":60.3,"largest_single_holding":45}],"crosswalk":[{"performance_sector":"Aerospace","performance_sector_cleaned":"Aerospace","register_sector":"Aerospace","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":977.787,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Agricultural Supply","performance_sector_cleaned":"Agricultural Supply","register_sector":"Agricultural Supplies","relationship":"renamed","evidence":"Same sector association (The Agricultural Industries Confederation); singular/plural difference only.","tp6_energy_gwh":1767.522,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Aluminium","performance_sector_cleaned":"Aluminium","register_sector":"Aluminium","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":445.699,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Bakers","performance_sector_cleaned":"Bakers","register_sector":"Bakers","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":1432.868,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Brewing","performance_sector_cleaned":"Brewing","register_sector":"Brewing","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":895.389,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Calcium Carbonate","performance_sector_cleaned":"Calcium Carbonate","register_sector":"Calcium Carbonate","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":285.367,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Cement","performance_sector_cleaned":"Cement","register_sector":"Cement","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":null,"energy_reported":false},{"performance_sector":"Ceramics - Other ***","performance_sector_cleaned":"Ceramics - Other","register_sector":"Ceramics","relationship":"sub-sector split","evidence":"The performance workbook splits Ceramics into 'Other' and 'Silica Sand' with the '***' sub-sector marker; the register carries 'Ceramics' and 'Silica Sand' as two sectors.","tp6_energy_gwh":134.411,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Ceramics - Silica Sand ***","performance_sector_cleaned":"Ceramics - Silica Sand","register_sector":"Silica Sand","relationship":"sub-sector split","evidence":"Matched on sector association, not on name: all register Silica Sand facility identifiers carry the Mineral Products Association prefix, which the workbook lists against Ceramics - Silica Sand.","tp6_energy_gwh":135.942,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Chemicals","performance_sector_cleaned":"Chemicals","register_sector":"Chemicals","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":10141.416,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Cold Storage","performance_sector_cleaned":"Cold Storage","register_sector":"Cold Storage","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":3859.694,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Compressed Gases","performance_sector_cleaned":"Compressed Gases","register_sector":"Compressed Gases","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":3219.708,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Dairy","performance_sector_cleaned":"Dairy","register_sector":"Dairy","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":2590.599,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Data Centres","performance_sector_cleaned":"Data Centres","register_sector":"Data Centres","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":12327.576,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Egg Processing","performance_sector_cleaned":"Egg Processing","register_sector":"Egg Processing","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":null,"energy_reported":false},{"performance_sector":"Eggs & Poultry Meat","performance_sector_cleaned":"Eggs & Poultry Meat","register_sector":"Eggs and Poultry Meat","relationship":"renamed","evidence":"Ampersand against the word 'and'; same sector association (NFU5).","tp6_energy_gwh":418.231,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Eurisol","performance_sector_cleaned":"Eurisol","register_sector":null,"relationship":"no counterpart in CP7","evidence":"No sector of this name in the CP7 register and the row is blank for TP6. Consistent with the sector having left the scheme.","tp6_energy_gwh":null,"energy_reported":false},{"performance_sector":"Food and Drink","performance_sector_cleaned":"Food and Drink","register_sector":"Food and Drink","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":20426.671,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Foundries","performance_sector_cleaned":"Foundries","register_sector":null,"relationship":"no counterpart in CP7","evidence":"No sector of this name in the CP7 register and the row is blank for TP6.","tp6_energy_gwh":null,"energy_reported":false},{"performance_sector":"Geosynthetics Non-Woven","performance_sector_cleaned":"Geosynthetics Non-Woven","register_sector":"Geosynthetic Non-Woven","relationship":"renamed","evidence":"Singular/plural difference only; same sector association.","tp6_energy_gwh":56.813,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Glass","performance_sector_cleaned":"Glass","register_sector":"Glass","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":611.38,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Gypsum Products","performance_sector_cleaned":"Gypsum Products","register_sector":null,"relationship":"no counterpart in CP7","evidence":"No sector of this name in the CP7 register and the row is blank for TP6.","tp6_energy_gwh":null,"energy_reported":false},{"performance_sector":"Horticulture","performance_sector_cleaned":"Horticulture","register_sector":"Horticulture","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":1447.003,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Kaolin and Ball Clay","performance_sector_cleaned":"Kaolin and Ball Clay","register_sector":"Kaolin and Ball Clay","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":null,"energy_reported":false},{"performance_sector":"Laundries","performance_sector_cleaned":"Laundries","register_sector":"Laundries","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":1489.019,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Leather","performance_sector_cleaned":"Leather","register_sector":"Leather","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":75.61,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Lime","performance_sector_cleaned":"Lime","register_sector":null,"relationship":"no counterpart in CP7","evidence":"No sector of this name in the CP7 register and the row is blank for TP6.","tp6_energy_gwh":null,"energy_reported":false},{"performance_sector":"Malting","performance_sector_cleaned":"Malting","register_sector":"Malting","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":1136.415,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Meat","performance_sector_cleaned":"Meat","register_sector":"Meat","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":1811.01,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Metal Packaging","performance_sector_cleaned":"Metal Packaging","register_sector":"Metal Packaging","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":1273.754,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Metalforming","performance_sector_cleaned":"Metalforming","register_sector":"Metalforming","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":653.9,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Motor Manufacturing","performance_sector_cleaned":"Motor Manufacturing","register_sector":"Motor Manufacturing","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":2357.709,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Non-Ferrous Metals","performance_sector_cleaned":"Non-Ferrous Metals","register_sector":"Non-Ferrous Metals","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":196.298,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Packaging & Industrial Films","performance_sector_cleaned":"Packaging & Industrial Films","register_sector":"Packaging and Industrial Films","relationship":"renamed","evidence":"Ampersand against the word 'and'; same sector association.","tp6_energy_gwh":1328.126,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Paper","performance_sector_cleaned":"Paper","register_sector":"Paper","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":3099.228,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Pigs","performance_sector_cleaned":"Pigs","register_sector":"Pigs","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":85.977,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Plastics","performance_sector_cleaned":"Plastics","register_sector":"Plastics","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":7658.738,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Poultry Meat Processing","performance_sector_cleaned":"Poultry Meat Processing","register_sector":"Poultry Meat Processing","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":1716.996,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Poultry Meat Rearing","performance_sector_cleaned":"Poultry Meat Rearing","register_sector":"Poultry Meat Rearing","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":1183.322,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Printing","performance_sector_cleaned":"Printing","register_sector":"Printing","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":3184.414,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Rendering","performance_sector_cleaned":"Rendering","register_sector":"Rendering","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":588.712,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Sawmills - dry ***","performance_sector_cleaned":"Sawmills - dry","register_sector":"Sawmills","relationship":"sub-sector split (one of two)","evidence":"The workbook's own notes state that 'Sawmill - dry, and sawmills - wet, have the same sector association and therefore count as one sector'. Both rows map to the single register sector Sawmills and their energy is summed.","tp6_energy_gwh":543.921,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Sawmills - wet ***","performance_sector_cleaned":"Sawmills - wet","register_sector":"Sawmills","relationship":"sub-sector split (one of two)","evidence":"As above.","tp6_energy_gwh":83.097,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Semiconductors","performance_sector_cleaned":"Semiconductors","register_sector":"Semiconductors","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":968.588,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Slag Grinding","performance_sector_cleaned":"Slag Grinding","register_sector":null,"relationship":"no counterpart in CP7","evidence":"No sector of this name in the CP7 register and the row is blank for TP6.","tp6_energy_gwh":null,"energy_reported":false},{"performance_sector":"Spirits","performance_sector_cleaned":"Spirits","register_sector":"Spirits","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":2393.759,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Steel","performance_sector_cleaned":"Steel","register_sector":"Steel","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":2649.368,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Supermarkets","performance_sector_cleaned":"Supermarkets","register_sector":"Supermarkets","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":507.369,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Surface Engineering","performance_sector_cleaned":"Surface Engineering","register_sector":"Surface Engineering","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":1717.33,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Surface Engineering Heat Treatment","performance_sector_cleaned":"Surface Engineering Heat Treatment","register_sector":"Surface Engineering Heat Treatment","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":163.506,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Textiles","performance_sector_cleaned":"Textiles","register_sector":"Textiles","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":757.57,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Textiles Energy Intensive","performance_sector_cleaned":"Textiles Energy Intensive","register_sector":"Textiles Energy Intensive","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":708.574,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Tyres","performance_sector_cleaned":"Tyres","register_sector":"Tyres","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":null,"energy_reported":false},{"performance_sector":"Wallcoverings","performance_sector_cleaned":"Wallcoverings","register_sector":"Wallcoverings","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":137.402,"energy_reported":true},{"performance_sector":"Wood Panels","performance_sector_cleaned":"Wood Panels","register_sector":"Wood Panels","relationship":"exact match","evidence":"Identical sector name in both files.","tp6_energy_gwh":679.681,"energy_reported":true}],"crosswalk_summary":{"performance_rows":55,"exact_match":42,"renamed_or_split":8,"no_counterpart_in_cp7":5,"register_sectors_unmatched":0,"energy_lost_to_the_join_gwh":0,"note":"Data Centres, Bakers and Supermarkets each match one to one on an exact string, so no headline figure depends on a crosswalk judgement."},"energy_withheld":{"note":"Sectors with no TP6 energy figure. Four report emissions but not energy. The Environment Agency does not say why those four in particular are blank; we attribute it to its stated rule on sectors with fewer than three distinct operators, and that attribution is ours, not the publisher's. Five are blank throughout and have no CP7 register counterpart.","with_emissions_but_no_energy":[{"performance_sector":"Kaolin and Ball Clay","register_sector":"Kaolin and Ball Clay","facilities_cp7":12,"tp6_co2e_kt":69.537,"tp6_energy_gwh":null},{"performance_sector":"Egg Processing","register_sector":"Egg Processing","facilities_cp7":3,"tp6_co2e_kt":5.742,"tp6_energy_gwh":null},{"performance_sector":"Tyres","register_sector":"Tyres","facilities_cp7":3,"tp6_co2e_kt":43.855,"tp6_energy_gwh":null},{"performance_sector":"Cement","register_sector":"Cement","facilities_cp7":2,"tp6_co2e_kt":139.853,"tp6_energy_gwh":null}],"facilities_affected":20,"facilities_affected_share_of_register_pct":0.241,"share_of_reported_tp6_emissions_pct":1.304,"blank_throughout_no_register_counterpart":["Eurisol","Foundries","Gypsum Products","Lime","Slag Grinding"]},"address_withholding":{"sectors":["Data Centres","Eggs and Poultry Meat","Meat","Pigs","Poultry Meat Processing","Poultry Meat Rearing"],"facilities":1148,"share_of_register_pct":13.856,"data_centre_facilities_affected":214,"placeholder_text":"For operator details please contact the sector directly","blank_address_cells_in_register":0,"reason_as_published":"Facility addresses for the six sectors listed below are not released for reasons of National Security/Site Security.","note":"The register publishes an address for most sectors and withholds it for six, data centres among them. No address is carried into our published dataset for any sector."},"personal_data_screen":{"rule":"An operator name is published only if the string contains a registered-company or public-body token (Limited, Ltd, PLC, LLP, LLC, Cyf, CIC, unlimited, incorporated, university, college, council, NHS, borough, authority, foundation trust, corporation, society, commission, agency).","rows_withheld":236,"rows_withheld_share_pct":2.849,"data_centre_rows_withheld":0,"withheld_by_sector":[{"sector":"Printing","rows":36},{"sector":"Eggs and Poultry Meat","rows":33},{"sector":"Meat","rows":32},{"sector":"Food and Drink","rows":20},{"sector":"Horticulture","rows":19},{"sector":"Plastics","rows":16},{"sector":"Pigs","rows":16},{"sector":"Agricultural Supplies","rows":10},{"sector":"Cold Storage","rows":7},{"sector":"Surface Engineering","rows":7},{"sector":"Brewing","rows":5},{"sector":"Malting","rows":5},{"sector":"Bakers","rows":5},{"sector":"Laundries","rows":5},{"sector":"Poultry Meat Processing","rows":4},{"sector":"Semiconductors","rows":4},{"sector":"Packaging and Industrial Films","rows":3},{"sector":"Chemicals","rows":2},{"sector":"Rendering","rows":2},{"sector":"Wallcoverings","rows":1},{"sector":"Textiles","rows":1},{"sector":"Poultry Meat Rearing","rows":1},{"sector":"Metalforming","rows":1},{"sector":"Dairy","rows":1}],"note":"Deliberately strict, and ours rather than the publisher's. It errs towards withholding. The full operator column remains available from the Environment Agency's own file under OGL v3.0."},"data_centre_target_performance":{"note":"Stated for completeness and not used for any claim about growth. The target is an efficiency measure adjusted for membership change; the energy columns are not adjusted, so the gap between base-year and target-period energy is not a measure of growth.","base_year_energy_gwh":9900.305,"tp6_energy_gwh":12327.576,"base_year":"2018 for TP5 and TP6, in most cases","target_met":"Y","sector_improvement_target_pct":19.768,"actual_improvement_pct":39.921,"sectors_reporting_more_absolute_energy_than_base_year":["Bakers","Ceramics - Silica Sand ***","Data Centres"]},"scheme_facts":{"discount_from_1_april_2024":{"electricity_pct":92,"gas_pct":89,"lpg_pct":77,"other_pct":89,"source":"HM Revenue and Customs, Climate Change Levy rates","note":"Gas and other taxable commodities were 88 per cent before 1 April 2024. The same percentages are published for the rates from 1 April 2025, 1 April 2026 and 1 April 2027."},"buy_out":"Meeting the target is not a condition of the discount. An operator whose target unit misses its target may pay a buy-out fee — £25 for each tonne of CO2e above target emissions in target period 6 — and remain certified. The Environment Agency records 1,473 target units (45.5 per cent) meeting or exceeding their TP6 target and 1,766 (54.5 per cent) failing it.","administration":"The Environment Agency administers the scheme for the whole of the UK on behalf of the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. 177 of the 8,285 certified facilities carry Northern Ireland postcodes.","tp6_span":"1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024, a twelve-month period","tp1_to_tp5_span":"five two-year periods from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2022","non_reporting_year":"There was no target period covering 2023.","certification_period_7":"1 July 2025 to 30 June 2027, per the data.gov.uk landing page and the February 2026 statutory guidance. The biennial report gives 31 March 2027; see the disagreements.","closed_to_new_entrants":"Closed to new entrant facilities from 1 November 2018 until a new-entrant window that closed on 30 September 2025. Not closed now: under the February 2026 statutory guidance, new entrants can apply for inclusion in an existing umbrella agreement between 1 January and 31 August in each of 2026 to 2029.","data_centre_sector_association":"techUK, named as the Data Centres sector association in both published files.","statutory_basis":"Regulations 9(1) and 9(2) of the Climate Change Agreements (Administration) Regulations 2012 for the register; regulation 9(3) for the performance report.","eligible_activity_datc":"The business activity is the leasing or licensing of a data facility which is being used as a data centre.","data_facility_threshold":"Regulated temperature and humidity, a back-up supply, and an electricity supply of at least 200 kW."},"figures":{"share_scatter":{"kind":"log-log scatter, facility share against energy share, with a parity diagonal","x_label":"Share of the 8,285 certified facilities (%)","y_label":"Share of the 100,323 GWh of reported TP6 energy (%)","note":"One point per register sector that carries TP6 energy. Sectors above the diagonal report more energy than their facility share; sectors below report less. Sectors with fewer than ten facilities are flagged.","n":45,"points":[{"sector":"Food and Drink","facilities":751,"facility_share_pct":9.0646,"energy_share_pct":20.3608,"intensity_ratio":2.246,"small_n":false,"highlight":true},{"sector":"Data Centres","facilities":214,"facility_share_pct":2.583,"energy_share_pct":12.2878,"intensity_ratio":4.757,"small_n":false,"highlight":true},{"sector":"Chemicals","facilities":172,"facility_share_pct":2.076,"energy_share_pct":10.1087,"intensity_ratio":4.869,"small_n":false,"highlight":true},{"sector":"Plastics","facilities":447,"facility_share_pct":5.3953,"energy_share_pct":7.634,"intensity_ratio":1.415,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Cold Storage","facilities":414,"facility_share_pct":4.997,"energy_share_pct":3.8472,"intensity_ratio":0.77,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Compressed Gases","facilities":15,"facility_share_pct":0.1811,"energy_share_pct":3.2093,"intensity_ratio":17.726,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Printing","facilities":285,"facility_share_pct":3.44,"energy_share_pct":3.1741,"intensity_ratio":0.923,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Paper","facilities":37,"facility_share_pct":0.4466,"energy_share_pct":3.0892,"intensity_ratio":6.917,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Steel","facilities":5,"facility_share_pct":0.0604,"energy_share_pct":2.6408,"intensity_ratio":43.758,"small_n":true,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Dairy","facilities":82,"facility_share_pct":0.9897,"energy_share_pct":2.5822,"intensity_ratio":2.609,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Spirits","facilities":88,"facility_share_pct":1.0622,"energy_share_pct":2.386,"intensity_ratio":2.246,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Motor Manufacturing","facilities":30,"facility_share_pct":0.3621,"energy_share_pct":2.3501,"intensity_ratio":6.49,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Meat","facilities":121,"facility_share_pct":1.4605,"energy_share_pct":1.8052,"intensity_ratio":1.236,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Agricultural Supplies","facilities":120,"facility_share_pct":1.4484,"energy_share_pct":1.7618,"intensity_ratio":1.216,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Surface Engineering","facilities":128,"facility_share_pct":1.545,"energy_share_pct":1.7118,"intensity_ratio":1.108,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Poultry Meat Processing","facilities":48,"facility_share_pct":0.5794,"energy_share_pct":1.7115,"intensity_ratio":2.954,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Laundries","facilities":146,"facility_share_pct":1.7622,"energy_share_pct":1.4842,"intensity_ratio":0.842,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Horticulture","facilities":117,"facility_share_pct":1.4122,"energy_share_pct":1.4423,"intensity_ratio":1.021,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Bakers","facilities":1796,"facility_share_pct":21.6777,"energy_share_pct":1.4282,"intensity_ratio":0.066,"small_n":false,"highlight":true},{"sector":"Packaging and Industrial Films","facilities":64,"facility_share_pct":0.7725,"energy_share_pct":1.3238,"intensity_ratio":1.714,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Metal Packaging","facilities":20,"facility_share_pct":0.2414,"energy_share_pct":1.2696,"intensity_ratio":5.26,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Poultry Meat Rearing","facilities":549,"facility_share_pct":6.6264,"energy_share_pct":1.1795,"intensity_ratio":0.178,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Malting","facilities":23,"facility_share_pct":0.2776,"energy_share_pct":1.1328,"intensity_ratio":4.08,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Aerospace","facilities":27,"facility_share_pct":0.3259,"energy_share_pct":0.9746,"intensity_ratio":2.991,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Semiconductors","facilities":20,"facility_share_pct":0.2414,"energy_share_pct":0.9655,"intensity_ratio":3.999,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Brewing","facilities":38,"facility_share_pct":0.4587,"energy_share_pct":0.8925,"intensity_ratio":1.946,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Textiles","facilities":53,"facility_share_pct":0.6397,"energy_share_pct":0.7551,"intensity_ratio":1.18,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Textiles Energy Intensive","facilities":50,"facility_share_pct":0.6035,"energy_share_pct":0.7063,"intensity_ratio":1.17,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Wood Panels","facilities":5,"facility_share_pct":0.0604,"energy_share_pct":0.6775,"intensity_ratio":11.226,"small_n":true,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Metalforming","facilities":40,"facility_share_pct":0.4828,"energy_share_pct":0.6518,"intensity_ratio":1.35,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Sawmills","facilities":23,"facility_share_pct":0.2776,"energy_share_pct":0.625,"intensity_ratio":2.251,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Glass","facilities":1,"facility_share_pct":0.0121,"energy_share_pct":0.6094,"intensity_ratio":50.489,"small_n":true,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Rendering","facilities":17,"facility_share_pct":0.2052,"energy_share_pct":0.5868,"intensity_ratio":2.86,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Supermarkets","facilities":2032,"facility_share_pct":24.5263,"energy_share_pct":0.5057,"intensity_ratio":0.021,"small_n":false,"highlight":true},{"sector":"Aluminium","facilities":12,"facility_share_pct":0.1448,"energy_share_pct":0.4443,"intensity_ratio":3.067,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Eggs and Poultry Meat","facilities":136,"facility_share_pct":1.6415,"energy_share_pct":0.4169,"intensity_ratio":0.254,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Calcium Carbonate","facilities":9,"facility_share_pct":0.1086,"energy_share_pct":0.2844,"intensity_ratio":2.618,"small_n":true,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Non-Ferrous Metals","facilities":6,"facility_share_pct":0.0724,"energy_share_pct":0.1957,"intensity_ratio":2.702,"small_n":true,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Surface Engineering Heat Treatment","facilities":9,"facility_share_pct":0.1086,"energy_share_pct":0.163,"intensity_ratio":1.5,"small_n":true,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Wallcoverings","facilities":10,"facility_share_pct":0.1207,"energy_share_pct":0.137,"intensity_ratio":1.135,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Silica Sand","facilities":8,"facility_share_pct":0.0966,"energy_share_pct":0.1355,"intensity_ratio":1.403,"small_n":true,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Ceramics","facilities":7,"facility_share_pct":0.0845,"energy_share_pct":0.134,"intensity_ratio":1.586,"small_n":true,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Pigs","facilities":80,"facility_share_pct":0.9656,"energy_share_pct":0.0857,"intensity_ratio":0.089,"small_n":false,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Leather","facilities":6,"facility_share_pct":0.0724,"energy_share_pct":0.0754,"intensity_ratio":1.041,"small_n":true,"highlight":false},{"sector":"Geosynthetic Non-Woven","facilities":4,"facility_share_pct":0.0483,"energy_share_pct":0.0566,"intensity_ratio":1.173,"small_n":true,"highlight":false}]},"bakery_bar":{"kind":"bar, reported TP6 energy against facility count","note":"Three sectors only, with their facility counts on the bars. Neither sector name means what it appears to mean: Bakers is the scheme's craft baking sector, expressly not industrial baking, and Supermarkets is food processing inside supermarket stores, not a store's electricity.","bars":[{"sector":"Data Centres","facilities":214,"tp6_energy_gwh":12327.58,"gwh_per_facility":57.61,"definition":"leasing or licensing of a data facility being used as a data centre"},{"sector":"Bakers","facilities":1796,"tp6_energy_gwh":1432.87,"gwh_per_facility":0.8,"definition":"craft baking, expressly not ‘industrial’ baking"},{"sector":"Supermarkets","facilities":2032,"tp6_energy_gwh":507.37,"gwh_per_facility":0.25,"definition":"food processing inside supermarket stores, not a store's electricity"}],"combined_bakers_supermarkets_gwh":1940.24,"multiple":6.35}}},"method":{"summary":"Two Environment Agency files were mirrored with their hashes and joined. Facility counts come from the Reduced Rate Certificates register for certification period 7, published under regulations 9(1) and 9(2) of the Climate Change Agreements (Administration) Regulations 2012. Reported energy comes from the Sector Performance Data workbook for target period 6. The publisher does not join these two files. Both are censuses of what is published, not samples.","steps":["Mirror both workbooks. Check byte count, md5 and sha256 against the values recorded before download. A mismatch stops the run.","Parse both workbooks with a reader that matches element names on their local name only, because the two files declare different SpreadsheetML namespaces.","Assert the register shape: 8,285 facility rows, 0 duplicate identifiers, 49 sectors, 214 of them data centres.","Assert the performance shape: 55 TP6 sector rows, 46 carrying energy, totalling 100,323.471 GWh.","Apply the pre-registered sector crosswalk, which is the only hand-authored content in the analysis. Assert that no register sector is unmatched and no GWh is lost to the join.","Compute facility share against the 8,285 register rows and energy share against the 100,323.471 GWh of reported TP6 energy, carrying full precision and rounding once at presentation.","Compute the intensity ratio, both rankings, energy per facility, and the Bakers and Supermarkets comparison.","Compute distinct operators for the 214 data centre facilities under five normalisation rules and publish all five.","Screen every operator string for personal data and withhold any that carries no corporate or public-body token.","Write the published dataset, the page JSON and the README. Nothing is fetched at this stage."],"what_was_measured":"Shares, ranks and ratios computed from two published government files. Nothing was measured, inspected, surveyed or estimated by us, and no one was contacted.","when":"Files retrieved 25 September 2026. Register: certification period 7, file generated 31 August 2026. Energy: target period 6, calendar year 2024.","limits":"Set out in full in page.caveats. The two most important are that 214 counts scheme members rather than UK data centres, and that the two halves of the pair are measured at different dates."},"verification":{"how_to_verify":"Everything is recomputable from the two mirrored workbooks alone. Re-download both from the source URLs and check the byte counts and hashes in the source list first: the Environment Agency overwrites both files monthly at the same URL with no archive, so a later copy will not reproduce these figures and a hash mismatch is expected after the next refresh. Every figure below can then be recomputed from the published CSV alone, with the recipe given against it; the two rankings and the crosswalk can be rebuilt from the mirrored workbooks the same way.","recompute_from_the_published_csv":[{"check":"Population size","expected":8285,"recipe":"Count data rows in the CSV. Each row is one certified facility."},{"check":"Distinct facility identifiers","expected":8285,"recipe":"Count distinct facility_id. There are no duplicates."},{"check":"Register sectors","expected":49,"recipe":"Count distinct sector_register."},{"check":"Data centre facilities","expected":214,"recipe":"Count rows where is_data_centre is true."},{"check":"Facility share, per cent","expected":2.583,"recipe":"214 divided by 8,285, times 100."},{"check":"Reported TP6 energy, GWh","expected":100323.471,"recipe":"Take one row per sector_register, sum sector_tp6_energy_gwh across the 45 sectors where sector_energy_reported is true. Do not sum the facility rows: the energy figure is a sector attribute repeated on every row of that sector."},{"check":"Energy share, per cent","expected":12.2878,"recipe":"sector_tp6_energy_gwh for Data Centres divided by the total above, times 100."},{"check":"Intensity ratio","expected":4.757,"recipe":"Energy share divided by facility share."},{"check":"Intensity rank","expected":9,"recipe":"Rank the 45 sectors with energy by sector_gwh_per_facility, descending. Data Centres is 9th."},{"check":"GWh per certified data centre","expected":57.605,"recipe":"12,327.576 divided by 214."},{"check":"Scheme mean GWh per certified facility","expected":12.109,"recipe":"100,323.471 divided by 8,285, including the 20 facilities whose sector energy is withheld."},{"check":"Bakers facilities and energy","expected":[1796,1432.868],"recipe":"Count rows and read the sector energy for sector_register = Bakers."},{"check":"Supermarkets facilities and energy","expected":[2032,507.369],"recipe":"As above for Supermarkets."},{"check":"Data centre multiple of the two combined","expected":6.354,"recipe":"12,327.576 divided by (1,432.868 + 507.369)."},{"check":"Sectors with fewer than ten facilities","expected":13,"recipe":"Count distinct sector_register where sector_small_n is true."},{"check":"Facilities with a withheld address","expected":1148,"recipe":"Count rows where facility_address_published is false. All 214 data centre rows are among them."},{"check":"Rows with an operator name withheld by our screen","expected":236,"recipe":"Count rows where operator_as_published is empty."},{"check":"Distinct operators for data centres, rule L4","expected":78,"recipe":"Count distinct operator_L4_legal_suffix among rows where is_data_centre is true. Repeat for L2, L3 and L5; all five counts are in the JSON."}],"recompute_from_the_source_workbooks":[{"check":"Register rows","expected":8285,"recipe":"Count rows below the header on the Data sheet of the RRC workbook."},{"check":"TP6 sector rows","expected":55,"recipe":"Count non-empty sector rows below the header on Sector_performance_data_TP6. The workbook declares the purl.oclc.org namespace; match element names on their local name or you will read zero rows."},{"check":"TP6 sectors carrying energy","expected":46,"recipe":"Count rows with a non-empty 'Target period energy (GWh)' cell."},{"check":"TP6 reported energy total","expected":100323.470765,"recipe":"Sum that column at full stored precision. Do not use the workbook's rounded presentation."},{"check":"Data Centres TP6 energy","expected":12327.57605,"recipe":"Read the Data Centres row."},{"check":"Energy rank of Data Centres","expected":2,"recipe":"Sort the 46 energy-bearing rows descending. Food and Drink 20,426.671; Data Centres 12,327.576; Chemicals 10,141.416."},{"check":"Crosswalk integrity","expected":0,"recipe":"Sum the TP6 energy of every performance row mapped to a register sector and subtract the scheme total. The five unmapped performance rows are blank for TP6, so nothing is lost."}],"prose_audit":["No sentence permits 214 to be read as the number of data centres in the UK. The scope line must appear under the headline and in the meta description.","No time series appears in the study's prose: no figure from TP1 to TP5, no year-on-year comparison, no growth claim. The machine-readable data block records the data centre sector's base-year energy beside its target-period-6 figure, expressly not as a growth measure, and no sentence anywhere sets one against the other.","The operator range is never collapsed to a single number and never appears in the headline.","Every percentage names its denominator and every cut names its n.","The words “first”, “first ever” and “nobody has” do not appear. The prior-art claim is worded as what we found.","The bakery and supermarket comparison always carries the two sector definitions.","The phrase used is “the energy the scheme reported”, not “the scheme's energy”.","Data centres are never described as the most intensive or most disproportionate sector.","No named organisation is identified in a way the sources do not already publish, and no individual is named."],"things_a_checker_should_not_be_surprised_by":["The live source URLs will stop reproducing these figures. Both files are overwritten monthly with no archive. That is why the hashes are published and why the script refuses to run against different bytes.","The performance workbook uses the purl.oclc.org OOXML namespace. A parser bound to schemas.openxmlformats.org returns zero rows from it with no error.","Sector names differ between the two files, and three of them would be silently dropped by a naive string join: Agricultural Supply against Agricultural Supplies, Geosynthetics Non-Woven against Geosynthetic Non-Woven, and Silica Sand, which appears in the workbook as Ceramics - Silica Sand. Use the published crosswalk.","Sawmills appears as two rows in the workbook and one sector on the register. The workbook's own notes say the two count as one sector. Their energy is summed.","Sector names in the workbook carry raw HTML entities, for example 'Eggs & Poultry Meat', and sub-sector rows are suffixed '***'. Both are handled before matching.","Percentages in the workbook are stored as fractions: 0.19021 is 19.021 per cent.","The 'Certification start date' column in the register is the string 'None' on most rows. It is not missing data — the certificate states the period default applies — and it is not used here.","The published dataset repeats each sector's energy figure on every facility row of that sector. It is a sector attribute, not a facility attribute. Summing it down the facility column will give the wrong total.","Facility identifiers carry a sector-association prefix and are unique within this certification period only. They are not stable keys across periods and cannot support any cross-period comparison.","Our operator screen withholds 236 operator names, concentrated in sectors where the operator can be a sole trader rather than a company. The largest groups are Printing (36 rows), Eggs and Poultry Meat (33), Meat (32), Food and Drink (20) and Horticulture (19); the plainly farming sectors are under half of the total. The Environment Agency publishes them all; we do not."],"source_integrity":{"rrc":{"bytes":549952,"md5":"3d6832c081de879062e2fb482d618106","sha256":"5fc40640e262c234ac18b222ee0b88c04c0eb3854a3efeedc205edfa756e9bcb","gate":"PASS"},"spd":{"bytes":65086,"md5":"3a66e1102eb8ac67faad2df3032dfa6a","sha256":"5d2f6639e7aa1c611e360afd3ceb9b88eb083092fb9007714c42369ae7af40d0","gate":"PASS"}}},"dataset":{"csv":"/research/cca-data-centres-energy-share-2026.csv","readme":"/research/cca-data-centres-energy-share-2026-README.txt","rows":8285,"columns":24,"unit":"one certified facility","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0","attribution":"Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right.","derived_licence":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","derived_licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","derived_attribution":"Servnet, https://www.servnetuk.com/research/cca-data-centres-energy-share-2026","excludes":"Facility addresses, for every sector. Operator names that do not pass our personal-data screen.","source_files_republished":[{"file":"/research/cca-data-centres-energy-share-2026-source-rrc-cp7.xlsx","what":"Climate Change Agreements: Reduced Rate Certificates (RRC), certification period 7, exactly as downloaded on 25 September 2026","bytes":549952,"md5":"3d6832c081de879062e2fb482d618106","sha256":"5fc40640e262c234ac18b222ee0b88c04c0eb3854a3efeedc205edfa756e9bcb","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2016. All rights reserved."},{"file":"/research/cca-data-centres-energy-share-2026-source-sector-performance-tp1-tp6.xlsx","what":"Climate Change Agreements: Sector Performance Data (TP1 to TP6), exactly as downloaded on 25 September 2026","bytes":65086,"md5":"3a66e1102eb8ac67faad2df3032dfa6a","sha256":"5d2f6639e7aa1c611e360afd3ceb9b88eb083092fb9007714c42369ae7af40d0","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2017. All rights reserved."}]},"generated_utc":"2026-09-25T10:16:57Z","url":"https://www.servnetuk.com/research/cca-data-centres-energy-share-2026"}