{"url":"https://www.servnetuk.com/research/uk-laptop-tech-prices-2026","slug":"uk-tech-prices-2026","study":"UK laptop and tech prices 2010–2026: what ONS consumer price data show","subtitle":"Consumer prices including VAT, from ONS quality-adjusted price indices and price quotes. Not business or trade prices.","publisher":"Servnet (servnetuk.com)","data_as_of":"2026-09-19","latest_month":"2026-08","purpose":"To help organisations and households plan IT purchases by showing how UK consumer prices for laptops, desktop PCs, tablets, memory products, printing supplies and PC repair have moved, using ONS data. A neutral description of published statistics; no forecast.","attribution":"Source: Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open Government Licence v.3.0","attribution_also":"Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.","licence":{"source_data":"Open Government Licence v3.0 (https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/)","derived_tables":"CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); keep the ONS attribution with any reuse.","non_endorsement":"OGL: 'This licence does not grant you any right to use the Information in a way that suggests any official status or that the Information Provider and/or Licensor endorse you or your use of the Information.'"},"status_labels":{"research":"ONS research data, not accredited official statistics","official":"Accredited official statistics (ONS MM23 time series)","derived":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","tool":"Published ONS figure (Shopping prices comparison tool)"},"ons_caveat_verbatim":"The figures are provided for research purposes only, are not accredited official statistics, and users should exercise caution when drawing conclusions from their use.","consumer_prices_note":"Consumer prices including VAT (ONS CPI price collection). Not business, trade or contract prices.","personal_data":"None. The outputs contain aggregates only: no shop codes, no quote-level rows, no names. ONS spreadsheet document properties (which can hold staff names) were not used.","method":{"what":"Chain-linked ONS item indices (quality-adjusted where ONS adjusts them) for laptops, desktop PCs, tablets and other computing items, January 2010 to August 2026, reconciled to accredited ONS aggregates; and unweighted distributions of the individual consumer prices ONS publishes for USB sticks, SD cards, black inkjet cartridges, A4 paper and PC repair.","units":{"index":"Index points; base stated per series.","price":"GBP per item, consumer price including VAT (ONS: 'Value Added Tax (VAT) and compulsory service charges are included, but delivery charges are not.')"},"chain_linking":{"rule":"Feb-Dec item indices relative to January of the same year; January relative to previous January up to 2017 and to previous December from 2018.","found_from_data":"In the published ONS item-index files, the January figure is relative to the previous January in 2010-2017 and to the previous December from 2018. ONS documentation describes chain-linking through January for class and aggregate indices but does not say which base the January figure in the published item-index files uses; this study found the switch from the data.","ons_documentation_quotes":[{"source":"ONS Consumer Prices Indices Technical Manual 2019, section 3.5 Aggregation","url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/methodologies/consumerpricesindicestechnicalmanual2019","quote":"In practice, the item indices are computed with reference to prices collected in January. For the period February to December therefore, compilation of class indices proceeds straightforwardly, as a weighted arithmetic mean of the relevant item indices"},{"source":"ONS Consumer Prices Indices Technical Manual 2019, section 3.5 Aggregation","url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/methodologies/consumerpricesindicestechnicalmanual2019","quote":"For January, a different calculation is undertaken for the change of the class weights as the January indices have to be rebased to the previous December."},{"source":"ONS Consumer Prices Indices Technical Manual 2019, section 3.6 Chaining","url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/methodologies/consumerpricesindicestechnicalmanual2019","quote":"the indices must be chain-linked twice every year. This involves calculating an index for January based on the previous December = 100 and, for February to December, calculating a further index based on January of the current year = 100."},{"source":"How we publish our consumer prices outputs (ONS, last revised 28 May 2026)","url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/methodologies/howwepublishourconsumerpricesoutputs","quote":"for January, divide the January index by the previous December index and multiply by 100 (this step is needed because both the CPIH and CPI are chain-linked twice each year)"},{"source":"How we publish our consumer prices outputs (ONS, last revised 28 May 2026)","url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/methodologies/howwepublishourconsumerpricesoutputs","quote":"for February to December, divide the current month's index by the current year's January index and multiply by 100"}],"not_documented":"ONS documentation describes the January re-referencing for class and aggregate indices, but neither the dataset glossaries nor any ONS page found says which base the January figure in the published item-index files uses. The files for 2010-2017 give January against the previous January; the files from 2018 give it against the previous December. This study established the switch from the data (findings.json method_checks rebuilds the official MM23 series under alternative January rules).","alternative_rules_tested":{"study_rule_prev_january_to_2017_prev_december_from_2018":{"L7GT_max_abs_level_difference_pct":0.21,"L7GU_max_abs_level_difference_pct":0.09,"D7EP_max_abs_level_difference_pct":0.74},"prev_january_to_2016_prev_december_from_2017":{"L7GT_max_abs_level_difference_pct":7.74,"L7GU_max_abs_level_difference_pct":2.86,"D7EP_max_abs_level_difference_pct":4.12},"prev_december_every_year":{"L7GT_max_abs_level_difference_pct":18.11,"L7GU_max_abs_level_difference_pct":23.03,"D7EP_max_abs_level_difference_pct":48.93},"prev_january_every_year":{"L7GT_max_abs_level_difference_pct":64.27,"L7GU_max_abs_level_difference_pct":21.63,"D7EP_max_abs_level_difference_pct":35.33}},"reading":"Rebuilding the official aggregates under each January rule: only the rule this study uses stays within 0.74% of every official series in every month; each alternative rule misses at least one series by 7.7% or more in its worst month."},"reconciliation":{"L7GT":{"window":["2015-01","2026-08"],"max_abs_level_difference_pct":0.21,"median_abs_level_difference_pct":0.12},"L7GU":{"window":["2015-01","2026-08"],"max_abs_level_difference_pct":0.09,"median_abs_level_difference_pct":0.04},"D7EP":{"window":["2010-01","2026-08"],"max_abs_level_difference_pct":0.74,"median_abs_level_difference_pct":0.31},"ons_shopping_prices_tool":{"what":"This study's chained item indices against the tool's chained index, each rebased to the first common month; maximum absolute difference in any month.","max_abs_difference_pct_all_items":0.004}},"quality_adjustment":{"text":"ONS has quality-adjusted laptop prices with hedonic regression since 2005 (desktop PCs since 2003, tablets since 2013), so the whole 2010-2026 laptop series is quality-adjusted. Tablets entered the basket in February 2012 and were not hedonically adjusted until 2013. Source: ONS, 'Review of hedonic quality adjustment in UK consumer price statistics and internationally' (2014), Table 2. A fall in these indices means the price of a like-for-like specification fell; it does not mean the typical shelf price of a laptop fell by the same amount.","source_title":"Review of hedonic quality adjustment in UK consumer price statistics and internationally (ONS, 2014)","source_url":"https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160107230818/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/cpi/review-of-hedonic-quality-adjustment-in-uk-consumer-price-statistics-and-internationally/2014/index.html","technical_manual_quote":"Since 2014, it has been used for quality adjustment of desktop personal computers (PCs), laptop PCs, pre-pay smartphone handsets and tablet PCs. For PCs, the measurable characteristics may include the speed of the processor, the size of the hard disk drive and the amount of memory.","technical_manual_note":"The Technical Manual sentence 'Since 2014, it has been used for ...' lists the items hedonically adjusted now; it does not give the start date for each item. Start dates come from the 2014 review below: desktop PCs 2003, laptops 2005, tablet PCs 2013. What changed in March 2014 was that PAYG mobile phones and digital cameras moved from hedonic adjustment to imputation."},"quotes":{"validity_rule":"Counted quotes: VALIDITY 3 or 4 and indicator not N/Z (files to January 2025); VALIDITY True (files from February 2025, where ONS marks every N quote False).","statistics":"Unweighted median and percentiles (linear interpolation, as Excel PERCENTILE.INC) of the valid quotes in a month or a pooled 12-month window. Not quality-adjusted.","repeated_prices":"Some quotes are identical shop-and-price quotes repeated across 10+ regions (for most items, centrally collected shops). Three bases are shown where it matters: all quotes; distinct prices (each repeated shop-and-price group counted once per month); and excluding the repeated quotes. For A4 paper the flag also catches local chains priced in 10-11 regions.","window_months":12,"small_sample_n":30},"no_laptop_price_level":"ONS has not published individual price quotes for laptops (item 630129) in any price-quote file for 2010-2026; only the quality-adjusted item index is released (the CPI Technical Manual describes personal computers as centrally compiled national indices). A price distribution cannot be computed without inventing data, so none is given.","coverage":{"price_quote_rows_published_unique":25673236,"price_quote_rows_published_unique_note":"Unique published quote rows (all items) for the 200 months, counting each month once from the file chosen for that month.","price_quote_months":200,"items_with_no_quote_rows_in_any_file":["630122","630127","630129","630153","630163","630234"],"note_on_software_and_games":"The ONS price quotes do include computer game items (for example 'COMPUTER GAME 1/2/3' and 'COMPUTER GAME ACCESSORY'), which are outside this study's scope. The statement about software refers to ONS's 'computer software' item (630234), which has no quote rows in any file."}},"sources":[{"name":"ONS, Consumer price inflation consumption segment indices and price quotes (formerly 'Consumer price inflation: item indices and price quotes')","url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/datasets/consumerpriceindicescpiandretailpricesindexrpiitemindicesandpricequotes","used_for":"Item indices 2010-2026-08 and individual price quotes; regional consumption-segment indices from February 2026 (aggregated microdata).","status":"ONS research data, not accredited official statistics","ons_caveat":"The figures are provided for research purposes only, are not accredited official statistics, and users should exercise caution when drawing conclusions from their use.","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0"},{"name":"ONS, Consumer price inflation time series (MM23)","url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/datasets/consumerpriceindices","used_for":"CPI all items (index D7BT; annual rate D7G7, used as published), data processing equipment (D7EP, D7J3), personal computers (L7GT, L7S3), accessories (L7GU). Rebased indices, 12-month averages and changes computed from them are labelled 'Derived by this study from accredited official statistics'.","status":"Accredited official statistics (ONS MM23 time series)","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0"},{"name":"ONS, Shopping prices comparison tool (data download)","url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/dvc2523/shopping-prices-comparison-tool/index.html","data_url":"https://github.com/onsdigital/cpi-items-actions/raw/main/datadownload.xlsx","article_url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/articles/shoppingpricescomparisontool/2023-05-03","retrieved_utc":"2026-09-19T13:05:09Z","sha256":"c72151b62a5c12a0b775e5552c462231dd3b1bd7a3954b6f4c80b60aebc463b7","used_for":"Source of the published 12-month (annual growth) changes and ONS average prices; cross-check of the chained indices.","credit":"ONS publishes 12-month (annual growth) changes for these items in its Shopping prices comparison tool from January 2022 (SD cards and USB sticks from January 2025, printers from January 2024). The 2025-26 changes quoted here are ONS's figures. Earlier 12-month changes in the CSV are computed by this study from ONS item indices.","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0"},{"name":"ONS, Consumer Prices Indices Technical Manual 2019","url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/methodologies/consumerpricesindicestechnicalmanual2019","used_for":"Chain-linking, central shops, VAT, hedonic regression (quoted)."},{"name":"How we publish our consumer prices outputs (ONS, last revised 28 May 2026)","url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/methodologies/howwepublishourconsumerpricesoutputs","used_for":"January re-referencing rule; 'not accredited official statistics' caveat (quoted)."},{"name":"Review of hedonic quality adjustment in UK consumer price statistics and internationally (ONS, 2014)","url":"https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160107230818/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/cpi/review-of-hedonic-quality-adjustment-in-uk-consumer-price-statistics-and-internationally/2014/index.html","used_for":"Table 2: hedonic quality adjustment introduced for PCs in 2003, laptops in 2005, tablet PCs in 2013 (tablets entered the basket in 2012). Cited by title and URL only."}],"series":{"months":["2010-01","2010-02","2010-03","2010-04","2010-05","2010-06","2010-07","2010-08","2010-09","2010-10","2010-11","2010-12","2011-01","2011-02","2011-03","2011-04","2011-05","2011-06","2011-07","2011-08","2011-09","2011-10","2011-11","2011-12","2012-01","2012-02","2012-03","2012-04","2012-05","2012-06","2012-07","2012-08","2012-09","2012-10","2012-11","2012-12","2013-01","2013-02","2013-03","2013-04","2013-05","2013-06","2013-07","2013-08","2013-09","2013-10","2013-11","2013-12","2014-01","2014-02","2014-03","2014-04","2014-05","2014-06","2014-07","2014-08","2014-09","2014-10","2014-11","2014-12","2015-01","2015-02","2015-03","2015-04","2015-05","2015-06","2015-07","2015-08","2015-09","2015-10","2015-11","2015-12","2016-01","2016-02","2016-03","2016-04","2016-05","2016-06","2016-07","2016-08","2016-09","2016-10","2016-11","2016-12","2017-01","2017-02","2017-03","2017-04","2017-05","2017-06","2017-07","2017-08","2017-09","2017-10","2017-11","2017-12","2018-01","2018-02","2018-03","2018-04","2018-05","2018-06","2018-07","2018-08","2018-09","2018-10","2018-11","2018-12","2019-01","2019-02","2019-03","2019-04","2019-05","2019-06","2019-07","2019-08","2019-09","2019-10","2019-11","2019-12","2020-01","2020-02","2020-03","2020-04","2020-05","2020-06","2020-07","2020-08","2020-09","2020-10","2020-11","2020-12","2021-01","2021-02","2021-03","2021-04","2021-05","2021-06","2021-07","2021-08","2021-09","2021-10","2021-11","2021-12","2022-01","2022-02","2022-03","2022-04","2022-05","2022-06","2022-07","2022-08","2022-09","2022-10","2022-11","2022-12","2023-01","2023-02","2023-03","2023-04","2023-05","2023-06","2023-07","2023-08","2023-09","2023-10","2023-11","2023-12","2024-01","2024-02","2024-03","2024-04","2024-05","2024-06","2024-07","2024-08","2024-09","2024-10","2024-11","2024-12","2025-01","2025-02","2025-03","2025-04","2025-05","2025-06","2025-07","2025-08","2025-09","2025-10","2025-11","2025-12","2026-01","2026-02","2026-03","2026-04","2026-05","2026-06","2026-07","2026-08"],"indices_monthly":{"note":"Chain-linked ONS item indices (research data) and MM23 aggregates rebased by this study (status 'Derived by this study from accredited official statistics'). Each line gives its base. Tablets, SD cards, USB sticks and printers start at their first published month = 100.","lines":{"laptops":{"item_id":"630129","label":"Laptops","ons_item_name":"LAPTOP COMPUTERS","base":"2010-01 = 100","base_note":"January 2010 = 100","status":"ONS research data, not accredited official statistics","values":[100,98.406,100.234,99.599,99.164,96.119,95.35,94.536,93.675,90.754,90.016,86.498,85.348,82.274,80.155,80.341,80.651,77.513,76.423,72.497,71.773,71.765,69.402,69.575,70.27,69.785,68.652,65.934,64.714,65.013,61.812,59.617,61.36,62.054,59.244,60.342,61.566,60.565,60.215,61.379,62.597,58.701,56.063,60.253,61.958,59.84,59.165,60.173,63.058,62.084,62.919,63.439,63.131,64.333,62.497,60.858,60.376,59.82,59,60.19,57.493,54.756,53.873,51.619,51.036,52.305,53.057,52.798,50.257,47.739,48.291,48.432,50.845,48.209,48.287,46.818,46.104,46.738,45.869,46.301,46.907,46.67,47.848,46.62,46.388,49.135,48.654,47.743,49.257,49.124,49.945,49.271,50.221,50.43,50.096,46.195,46.126,45.04,46.55,47.084,46.52,43.792,45.214,46.479,46.434,46.55,46.832,46.57,46.881,46.258,45.551,48.071,48.859,48.571,45.697,42.158,42.015,43.13,42.416,39.883,41.625,40.645,39.424,40.841,40.785,41.148,39.825,40.959,41.966,43.178,42.367,41.968,41.35,40.53,39.829,38.504,39.428,39.401,38.476,39.888,39.708,40.956,39.406,40.378,39.27,38.354,37.843,37.3,36.947,39.447,38.062,36.489,36.405,36.91,35.136,35.145,34.392,33.722,34.456,33.874,31.867,34.81,33.871,35.512,33.875,33.95,33.797,32.671,31.358,30.255,31.715,29.603,31.164,29.872,28.129,30.896,31.007,29.011,26.724,28.794,27.494,28.09,28.668,27.449,28.955,29.003,28.104,26.6,26.67,26.542,27.602,25.904,25.037,27.008,27.536,27.879,26.059,27.434,28.078,26.107]},"desktops":{"item_id":"630127","label":"Desktop PCs","ons_item_name":"PERSONAL COMPUTERS (CPI)","base":"2010-01 = 100","base_note":"January 2010 = 100","status":"ONS research data, not accredited official statistics","values":[100,102.387,104.174,102.76,103.178,101.201,102.709,103.66,104.099,104.434,101.539,103.026,102.964,103.266,100.194,98.735,97.584,94.53,90.235,86.836,85.67,84.83,85.449,87.165,89.279,88.4,88.141,87.686,88.759,88.069,87.391,86.616,85.607,83.053,77.909,76.541,76.311,77.425,76.942,78.169,76.736,76.028,75.138,75.454,76.754,78.125,77.113,76.684,74.536,71.945,72.971,73.968,73.896,71.191,69.723,68.452,68.56,68.711,66.91,67.186,68.691,68.87,68.866,68.687,67.633,64.507,68.862,68.254,67.723,68.458,68.911,70.712,69.682,68.985,67.39,69.105,66.276,64.592,66.134,64.285,63.675,64.839,67.83,66.428,66.513,69.141,69.424,71.538,71.83,71.615,72.402,72.191,73.743,73,72.354,70.666,71.179,73.052,71.052,70.231,68.828,67.097,67.015,67.771,69.175,69.389,73.633,73.028,70.583,71.011,69.001,68.196,69.733,66.152,66.237,65.862,66.327,65.564,64.143,64.767,64.61,64.845,65.727,66.034,62.78,61.442,60.829,59.319,58.687,57.185,57.064,57.816,56.179,57.695,60.1,59.72,61.944,62.386,62.464,63.154,61.185,63.136,60.264,60.115,58.987,56.834,53.483,52.819,53.333,54.305,54.1,52.807,52.634,51.466,52.122,49.334,50.425,51.076,51.865,49.307,49.419,48.958,49.219,49.152,45.236,45.767,44.853,46.367,46.46,46.217,45.221,46.333,44.66,44.212,42.638,43.565,42.478,41.938,38.627,38.534,38.196,39.782,38.646,38.988,39.704,37.437,37.174,37.907,39.542,39.717,38.746,40.317,40.45,41.262,41.451,42.237,40.666,40.002,42.458,40.082]},"tablets":{"item_id":"630153","label":"Tablets","ons_item_name":"TABLET COMPUTERS","base":"2012-02 = 100","base_note":"first published month = 100","status":"ONS research data, not accredited official statistics","values":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,100,96.81,93.804,90.021,91.651,90.686,90.903,87.355,79.734,76.241,73.96,74.77,73.85,72.757,72.11,71.951,72.575,70.104,69.227,71.33,70.152,66.994,65.711,66.817,68.458,68.489,66.346,65.764,61.502,60.936,58.204,55.844,54.899,49.817,51.102,50.376,49.331,50.37,49.658,48.192,47.618,46.052,46.993,46.517,45.652,46.314,45.119,44.937,42.166,44.578,45.213,45.213,44.162,43.317,42.625,42.467,42.643,43.213,41.583,41.911,40.921,42.989,40.231,42.666,39.125,39.327,40.787,38.245,38.702,38.744,37.564,37.409,38.579,39.435,38.415,37.397,38.656,36.169,36.158,36.137,36.806,37.236,35.987,34.748,32.535,33.969,32.611,34.14,33.737,33.014,33.285,33.01,32.751,33.732,31.734,32.182,30.913,31.843,32.87,33.116,32.908,32.583,32.137,31.865,31.826,31.743,30.956,31.385,31.636,32.007,30.865,29.98,30.44,29.656,30.298,30.115,29.43,30.201,30.71,30.587,29.229,31.267,28.643,28.301,28.406,27.967,29.857,30.529,28.032,30.888,31.49,31.36,29.107,32.24,33.242,32.552,31.66,31.633,32.408,30.415,30.316,31.031,30.111,31.162,29.484,31.188,29.26,28.175,28.788,29.684,27.602,28.047,25.393,27.413,25.376,28.809,28.226,28.332,25.955,27.298,26.232,24.652,25.836,25.186,22.77,26.508,27.556,25.055,25.7,24.977,26.042,23.598,25.047,28.412,27.935]},"pc_peripherals":{"item_id":"630122","label":"PC peripherals","ons_item_name":"PC PERIPHERALS","base":"2010-01 = 100","base_note":"January 2010 = 100","status":"ONS research data, not accredited official 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ONS publishes 12-month (annual growth) changes for these items in its Shopping prices comparison tool from January 2022 (SD cards and USB sticks from January 2025, printers from January 2024). The 2025-26 changes quoted here are ONS's figures. Earlier 12-month changes in the CSV are computed by this study from ONS item indices. For all-items CPI use ONS's published annual rate D7G7 in official_annual_rates_pct. For an item first published in a February, the next January's change is measured from ONS's January = 100 base: tablets January 2013; printers January 2024; SD cards January 2025; USB sticks January 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Cells with fewer than 30 quotes are flagged small_sample.","items":{"sd_cards":{"label":"SD cards","item_id":"630384","status":"ONS research data, not accredited official statistics","all":{"n":2369,"median":17.99,"mean":31.47,"p25":12,"p75":32.99,"small_sample":false},"share_repeated_pct":44.1,"by_region_all_quotes":{"London":{"n":268,"median":14.5,"mean":27.64,"p25":11.49,"p75":26.24,"small_sample":false},"South East":{"n":245,"median":17.99,"mean":27.76,"p25":10.69,"p75":24.99,"small_sample":false},"South West":{"n":197,"median":16.99,"mean":33.26,"p25":11.98,"p75":38.99,"small_sample":false},"East Anglia":{"n":219,"median":18.69,"mean":30.75,"p25":11.84,"p75":32.99,"small_sample":false},"East Midlands":{"n":167,"median":22.99,"mean":34.77,"p25":13.79,"p75":35.49,"small_sample":false},"West Midlands":{"n":221,"median":17.99,"mean":27.7,"p25":12,"p75":23.99,"small_sample":false},"Yorkshire & 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The 2025-26 changes quoted here are ONS's figures. Earlier 12-month changes in the CSV are computed by this study from ONS item indices.","average_vs_median":"ONS's average price is a weighted mean of the price quotes collected in the latest January, carried forward each month by the item's index growth since January. This study's median recorded price is the unweighted middle value of the quotes ONS recorded in that month. The two can differ: ONS's figure follows the like-for-like index from January, while the median moves when the mix of products and shops priced changes. ONS says its price sample is designed to capture price change, not price levels, so neither figure is a definitive shelf price.","average_price_method_ons":{"quotes":["Average prices are calculated by first determining an average price for the latest January. For products and services where scanner data are not available, this is done by taking a weighted arithmetic mean of the price quotes collected for each item in the latest January, with a weighted mean used to reflect the relative popularity of each individual priced item.","The remaining months' average prices are calculated by multiplying the current month's CPIH item index growth rate since January by the calculated January average price.","the sample of prices that is collected as part of the consumer prices monthly price collection is designed to best capture price change, not price levels"],"source":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/articles/shoppingpricescomparisontool/2023-05-03"},"items":{"laptops":{"item_id":"630129","label":"Laptops","ons_tool_name":"Laptop","ons_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":-13.904,"2026-08":-1.856},"this_study_12m_index_change_pct":{"2026-08":-1.9},"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":null,"2026-08":null},"ons_average_price_available":false,"chained_index_match":{"months":68,"window":["2021-01","2026-08"],"max_abs_difference_pct":0.003}},"desktops":{"item_id":"630127","label":"Desktop PCs","ons_tool_name":"Personal computer","ons_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":-12.988,"2026-08":5.739},"this_study_12m_index_change_pct":{"2026-08":5.7},"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":null,"2026-08":null},"ons_average_price_available":false,"chained_index_match":{"months":68,"window":["2021-01","2026-08"],"max_abs_difference_pct":0.002}},"tablets":{"item_id":"630153","label":"Tablets","ons_tool_name":"Tablet computers","ons_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":-6.392,"2026-08":8.12},"this_study_12m_index_change_pct":{"2026-08":8.1},"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":null,"2026-08":null},"ons_average_price_available":false,"chained_index_match":{"months":68,"window":["2021-01","2026-08"],"max_abs_difference_pct":0.004}},"pc_peripherals":{"item_id":"630122","label":"PC peripherals","ons_tool_name":"PC peripherals","ons_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":-12.545,"2026-08":-3.87},"this_study_12m_index_change_pct":{"2026-08":-3.9},"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":null,"2026-08":null},"ons_average_price_available":false,"chained_index_match":{"months":68,"window":["2021-01","2026-08"],"max_abs_difference_pct":0.002}},"computer_software":{"item_id":"630234","label":"Computer software","ons_tool_name":"Computer software","ons_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":12.775,"2026-08":-7.198},"this_study_12m_index_change_pct":{"2026-08":-7.2},"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":null,"2026-08":null},"ons_average_price_available":false,"chained_index_match":{"months":68,"window":["2021-01","2026-08"],"max_abs_difference_pct":0.002}},"printers":{"item_id":"630167","label":"Printers","ons_tool_name":"Printer","ons_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":-7.781,"2026-08":-8.077},"this_study_12m_index_change_pct":{"2026-08":-8.1},"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":135.78,"2026-08":124.81},"ons_average_price_available":true,"chained_index_match":{"months":43,"window":["2023-02","2026-08"],"max_abs_difference_pct":0.001}},"usb_sticks":{"item_id":"630385","label":"USB sticks","ons_tool_name":"USB stick","ons_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":2.443,"2026-08":41.595},"this_study_12m_index_change_pct":{"2026-08":41.6},"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":14.16,"2026-08":20.05},"ons_average_price_available":true,"chained_index_match":{"months":31,"window":["2024-02","2026-08"],"max_abs_difference_pct":0.001},"this_study_median_recorded_price_gbp":{"2025-08":13.99,"2026-08":19.99},"this_study_n_quotes":{"2025-08":230,"2026-08":199}},"sd_cards":{"item_id":"630384","label":"SD cards","ons_tool_name":"SD card","ons_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":-2.083,"2026-08":66.442},"this_study_12m_index_change_pct":{"2026-08":66.4},"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":15.48,"2026-08":25.76},"ons_average_price_available":true,"chained_index_match":{"months":31,"window":["2024-02","2026-08"],"max_abs_difference_pct":0.002},"this_study_median_recorded_price_gbp":{"2025-08":12.99,"2026-08":25.99},"this_study_n_quotes":{"2025-08":213,"2026-08":206}},"ink":{"item_id":"430530","label":"Black inkjet cartridges","ons_tool_name":"Inkjet cartridge - black","ons_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":1.533,"2026-08":3.847},"this_study_12m_index_change_pct":{"2026-08":3.8},"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":26.01,"2026-08":27.01},"ons_average_price_available":true,"chained_index_match":{"months":68,"window":["2021-01","2026-08"],"max_abs_difference_pct":0.002},"this_study_median_recorded_price_gbp":{"2025-08":22.49,"2026-08":25},"this_study_n_quotes":{"2025-08":250,"2026-08":233}},"paper":{"item_id":"430527","label":"A4 printer paper (500-sheet ream)","ons_tool_name":"Printer paper - A4","ons_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":1.037,"2026-08":0.379},"this_study_12m_index_change_pct":{"2026-08":0.4},"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":6.77,"2026-08":6.79},"ons_average_price_available":true,"chained_index_match":{"months":68,"window":["2021-01","2026-08"],"max_abs_difference_pct":0.001},"this_study_median_recorded_price_gbp":{"2025-08":7.99,"2026-08":7.99},"this_study_n_quotes":{"2025-08":156,"2026-08":145}},"pc_repair":{"item_id":"440118","label":"PC repair","ons_tool_name":"PC repair","ons_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":-10.637,"2026-08":1.272},"this_study_12m_index_change_pct":{"2026-08":1.3},"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":55.95,"2026-08":56.66},"ons_average_price_available":true,"chained_index_match":{"months":68,"window":["2021-01","2026-08"],"max_abs_difference_pct":0.001},"this_study_median_recorded_price_gbp":{"2025-08":50,"2026-08":50},"this_study_n_quotes":{"2025-08":141,"2026-08":141}}}}},"ons_shopping_prices_tool":{"name":"ONS Shopping prices comparison tool","tool_url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/dvc2523/shopping-prices-comparison-tool/index.html","article_url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/articles/shoppingpricescomparisontool/2023-05-03","data_download_url":"https://github.com/onsdigital/cpi-items-actions/raw/main/datadownload.xlsx","covers":"Chained indices from January 2021 (SD cards and USB sticks from January 2024, printers from January 2023), annual growth from January 2022 (SD cards and USB sticks from January 2025, printers from January 2024), and average prices where ONS judges an average meaningful: 'Inkjet cartridge - black', 'Printer paper - A4' and 'PC repair' from January 2021, SD cards and USB sticks from January 2024, printers from January 2023. For 'Laptop', 'Personal computer', 'Tablet computers', 'PC peripherals' and 'Computer software' the average price is '-' (unavailable).","credit":"ONS publishes 12-month (annual growth) changes for these items in its Shopping prices comparison tool from January 2022 (SD cards and USB sticks from January 2025, printers from January 2024). The 2025-26 changes quoted here are ONS's figures. Earlier 12-month changes in the CSV are computed by this study from ONS item indices.","average_vs_median":"ONS's average price is a weighted mean of the price quotes collected in the latest January, carried forward each month by the item's index growth since January. This study's median recorded price is the unweighted middle value of the quotes ONS recorded in that month. The two can differ: ONS's figure follows the like-for-like index from January, while the median moves when the mix of products and shops priced changes. ONS says its price sample is designed to capture price change, not price levels, so neither figure is a definitive shelf price.","average_price_method_ons":{"quotes":["Average prices are calculated by first determining an average price for the latest January. For products and services where scanner data are not available, this is done by taking a weighted arithmetic mean of the price quotes collected for each item in the latest January, with a weighted mean used to reflect the relative popularity of each individual priced item.","The remaining months' average prices are calculated by multiplying the current month's CPIH item index growth rate since January by the calculated January average price.","the sample of prices that is collected as part of the consumer prices monthly price collection is designed to best capture price change, not price levels"],"source":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/articles/shoppingpricescomparisontool/2023-05-03"},"what_this_study_adds":["A chained 2010-2026 monthly series for laptops, desktop PCs and tablets (the tool's chained indices start in January 2021), reconciled to the accredited MM23 aggregates.","Evidence that ONS publishes no laptop, desktop PC or tablet price levels (no quotes in any file, and no average price in the tool).","Quote distributions (median, percentiles) for USB sticks, SD cards, ink, paper and PC repair, with a sensitivity for repeated shop-and-price quotes.","5- and 10-year distribution comparisons against the item index and all-items CPI.","Region and shop-type splits with sample sizes."],"chained_index_check":{"what":"This study's chained item indices against the tool's chained index, each rebased to the first common month; maximum absolute difference in any month.","max_abs_difference_pct_all_items":0.004}},"findings":{"long_run":{"period":["2010-01","2026-08"],"laptops":{"label":"Laptop computers","base":"2010-01 = 100","latest_month":"2026-08","latest_index":26.1,"change_since_base_pct":-73.9,"average_change_per_year_pct":-7.8,"change_in_real_terms_pct":-84,"all_items_cpi_change_same_period_pct":63.6,"january_on_january_change_pct":{"2011":-14.7,"2012":-17.7,"2013":-12.4,"2014":2.4,"2015":-8.8,"2016":-11.6,"2017":-8.8,"2018":-0.6,"2019":1.6,"2020":-11.2,"2021":-0.7,"2022":-5,"2023":-12.4,"2024":-8.8,"2025":-12.3,"2026":-8.9},"january_on_january_rises":["2014","2019"],"january_on_january_rises_count":2,"january_on_january_years":16,"january_on_january_falls":14,"annual_average_change_pct":{"2011":-19.8,"2012":-16.2,"2013":-6,"2014":2.7,"2015":-16.2,"2016":-8.8,"2017":3.4,"2018":-5.7,"2019":-2.5,"2020":-8.3,"2021":-3.4,"2022":-6.4,"2023":-9.1,"2024":-11.9,"2025":-7.7}},"desktops":{"label":"Desktop PCs (ONS item 'PERSONAL COMPUTERS (CPI)')","base":"2010-01 = 100","latest_month":"2026-08","latest_index":40.1,"change_since_base_pct":-59.9,"average_change_per_year_pct":-5.4,"change_in_real_terms_pct":-75.5,"all_items_cpi_change_same_period_pct":63.6},"tablets":{"label":"Tablet computers","base":"2012-02 = 100","latest_month":"2026-08","latest_index":27.9,"change_since_base_pct":-72.1,"average_change_per_year_pct":-8.4,"change_in_real_terms_pct":-81.5,"all_items_cpi_change_same_period_pct":51},"pc_peripherals":{"label":"PC peripherals","base":"2010-01 = 100","latest_month":"2026-08","latest_index":58.9,"change_since_base_pct":-41.1,"average_change_per_year_pct":-3.1,"change_in_real_terms_pct":-64,"all_items_cpi_change_same_period_pct":63.6},"d7ep":{"series":"D7EP","title":"CPI INDEX 09.1.3 : Data processing equipment 2015=100","base_month":"2010-01","latest_month":"2026-08","change_since_base_pct":-57.5,"average_change_per_year_pct":-5,"change_in_real_terms_pct":-74},"l7gt":{"series":"L7GT","title":"CPI INDEX 09.1.3.1 Personal computers 2015=100","base_month":"2015-01","latest_month":"2026-08","change_since_base_pct":-49.4,"average_change_per_year_pct":-5.7,"change_in_real_terms_pct":-65},"laptops_ten_and_five_years":{"ten_years":{"from":"2016-08","to":"2026-08","change_pct":-43.6},"five_years":{"from":"2021-08","to":"2026-08","change_pct":-34.5}}},"turn_2025_26":{"latest_window":["2025-08","2026-08"],"previous_window":["2024-08","2025-08"],"since_january_window":["2026-01","2026-08"],"laptops":{"label":"Laptops","latest_12m_pct":-1.9,"previous_12m_pct":-13.9,"since_january_pct":4.3,"same_months_last_year_pct":-3.3,"ons_tool_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":-13.904,"2026-08":-1.856},"average_12m_rate_january_to_latest_month":{"2024":-10.8,"2025":-7.5,"2026":-4.1}},"desktops":{"label":"Desktop PCs","latest_12m_pct":5.7,"previous_12m_pct":-13,"since_january_pct":-0.9,"same_months_last_year_pct":-0.8,"ons_tool_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":-12.988,"2026-08":5.739},"average_12m_rate_january_to_latest_month":{"2024":-10,"2025":-14.3,"2026":6.8}},"tablets":{"label":"Tablets","latest_12m_pct":8.1,"previous_12m_pct":-6.4,"since_january_pct":11.5,"same_months_last_year_pct":-10.3,"ons_tool_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":-6.392,"2026-08":8.12},"average_12m_rate_january_to_latest_month":{"2024":-7.3,"2025":-8.5,"2026":-3.5}},"pc_peripherals":{"label":"PC peripherals","latest_12m_pct":-3.9,"previous_12m_pct":-12.5,"since_january_pct":-1,"same_months_last_year_pct":-5.4,"ons_tool_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":-12.545,"2026-08":-3.87},"average_12m_rate_january_to_latest_month":{"2024":-3.6,"2025":-10,"2026":-5.3}},"printers":{"label":"Printers","latest_12m_pct":-8.1,"previous_12m_pct":-7.8,"since_january_pct":-3.7,"same_months_last_year_pct":-5.4,"ons_tool_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":-7.781,"2026-08":-8.077},"average_12m_rate_january_to_latest_month":{"2024":7.1,"2025":0.1,"2026":-6.2}},"l7s3_positive_months":["2025-11","2026-04","2026-07","2026-08"],"l7s3_months":32,"l7s3_window":["2024-01","2026-08"],"l7s3_latest_pct":2.2,"d7j3_latest_pct":-2.5,"average_12m_rate_note":"Mean of the monthly 12-month changes of the chained item index, January to August of each year. Where an item's first published month is a February, ONS publishes it relative to that January = 100, so the next January's 12-month change is measured from that base (as ONS does in its Shopping prices comparison tool): Tablet computers January 2013; Printer January 2024; USB stick January 2025; SD card January 2025.","note":"This study does not measure memory-chip prices and makes no claim about their timing. It sets out what the ONS consumer data record for computing goods month by month from January 2024, including the two memory products ONS prices directly (USB sticks and SD cards), so the 2025-26 period can be compared with earlier years. ONS data cannot attribute a price change to a cause."},"memory":{"usb_sticks":{"label":"USB sticks","in_basket_from":"2024-02","window":["2025-08","2026-08"],"index_12m_pct":41.6,"index_previous_12m_pct":2.4,"median_from_gbp":13.99,"median_to_gbp":19.99,"median_change_pct":42.9,"n_from":230,"n_to":199,"n_distinct_from":153,"n_distinct_to":122,"median_excluding_repeated_from_gbp":14.49,"median_excluding_repeated_to_gbp":19,"median_excluding_repeated_change_pct":31.1,"n_excluding_repeated_from":146,"n_excluding_repeated_to":115,"median_distinct_from_gbp":14.49,"median_distinct_to_gbp":19,"median_distinct_change_pct":31.1,"share_repeated_from_pct":36.5,"share_repeated_to_pct":42.2,"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":14.16,"2026-08":20.05},"ons_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":2.443,"2026-08":41.595},"pooled_latest_12m":{"window":["2025-09","2026-08"],"n":2683,"median":16.99,"p25":12.48,"p75":22.97,"n_distinct_observations":1693,"median_distinct_basis":16.98}},"sd_cards":{"label":"SD cards","in_basket_from":"2024-02","window":["2025-08","2026-08"],"index_12m_pct":66.4,"index_previous_12m_pct":-2.1,"median_from_gbp":12.99,"median_to_gbp":25.99,"median_change_pct":100.1,"n_from":213,"n_to":206,"n_distinct_from":136,"n_distinct_to":118,"median_excluding_repeated_from_gbp":13.79,"median_excluding_repeated_to_gbp":23.99,"median_excluding_repeated_change_pct":74,"n_excluding_repeated_from":129,"n_excluding_repeated_to":110,"median_distinct_from_gbp":13.79,"median_distinct_to_gbp":23.99,"median_distinct_change_pct":74,"share_repeated_from_pct":39.4,"share_repeated_to_pct":46.6,"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":15.48,"2026-08":25.76},"ons_annual_growth_pct":{"2025-08":-2.083,"2026-08":66.442},"pooled_latest_12m":{"window":["2025-09","2026-08"],"n":2369,"median":17.99,"p25":12,"p75":32.99,"n_distinct_observations":1412,"median_distinct_basis":15.99}}},"printing":{"ink":{"label":"Black inkjet cartridges","now":{"window":["2025-09","2026-08"],"n":2822,"median":24.99,"mean":28.02,"p10":14.49,"p25":18.49,"p75":33.99,"p90":43.49,"n_distinct_observations":1766,"median_distinct_basis":26.99,"n_excluding_repeated":1670,"median_excluding_repeated":26.99,"share_national_replicates_pct":40.8,"small_sample":false,"item_index_12m_average":149.66,"item_index_base":"2010-01 = 100","all_items_cpi_12m_average":141.07,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"five_years_ago":{"window":["2020-09","2021-08"],"n":2827,"median":19.99,"mean":21.41,"p10":12.5,"p25":15.99,"p75":23.99,"p90":34.99,"n_distinct_observations":1804,"median_distinct_basis":19.99,"n_excluding_repeated":1711,"median_excluding_repeated":19.99,"share_national_replicates_pct":39.5,"small_sample":false,"item_index_12m_average":112.73,"item_index_base":"2010-01 = 100","all_items_cpi_12m_average":109.95,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"ten_years_ago":{"window":["2015-09","2016-08"],"n":3100,"median":15.99,"mean":18.26,"p10":9.99,"p25":11.99,"p75":22.99,"p90":29.99,"n_distinct_observations":2044,"median_distinct_basis":16.99,"n_excluding_repeated":1948,"median_excluding_repeated":16.99,"share_national_replicates_pct":37.2,"small_sample":false,"item_index_12m_average":85.43,"item_index_base":"2010-01 = 100","all_items_cpi_12m_average":100.27,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"change_vs_ten_years_ago":{"median_pct":56.3,"median_distinct_basis_pct":58.9,"median_excluding_repeated_pct":58.9,"p25_pct":54.2,"p75_pct":47.8,"p10_pct":45,"p90_pct":45,"item_index_pct":75.2,"all_items_cpi_pct":40.7,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"change_vs_five_years_ago":{"median_pct":25,"median_distinct_basis_pct":35,"median_excluding_repeated_pct":35,"p25_pct":15.6,"p75_pct":41.7,"p10_pct":15.9,"p90_pct":24.3,"item_index_pct":32.8,"all_items_cpi_pct":28.3,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":26.01,"2026-08":27.01},"index_12m_pct":3.8},"paper":{"label":"A4 printer paper (500-sheet ream)","now":{"window":["2025-09","2026-08"],"n":1837,"median":7.99,"mean":7.74,"p10":4.9,"p25":6.99,"p75":7.99,"p90":8.99,"n_distinct_observations":1819,"median_distinct_basis":7.99,"n_excluding_repeated":1817,"median_excluding_repeated":7.99,"share_national_replicates_pct":1.1,"small_sample":false,"item_index_12m_average":206.5,"item_index_base":"2010-01 = 100","all_items_cpi_12m_average":141.07,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"five_years_ago":{"window":["2020-09","2021-08"],"n":2094,"median":5,"mean":5.44,"p10":3,"p25":3.5,"p75":6.99,"p90":6.99,"n_distinct_observations":1812,"median_distinct_basis":5.99,"n_excluding_repeated":1783,"median_excluding_repeated":6,"share_national_replicates_pct":14.9,"small_sample":false,"item_index_12m_average":133.78,"item_index_base":"2010-01 = 100","all_items_cpi_12m_average":109.95,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"ten_years_ago":{"window":["2015-09","2016-08"],"n":2086,"median":5.5,"mean":5.3,"p10":3,"p25":3.75,"p75":6.21,"p90":6.99,"n_distinct_observations":1921,"median_distinct_basis":5.49,"n_excluding_repeated":1904,"median_excluding_repeated":5.49,"share_national_replicates_pct":8.7,"small_sample":false,"item_index_12m_average":123.41,"item_index_base":"2010-01 = 100","all_items_cpi_12m_average":100.27,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"change_vs_ten_years_ago":{"median_pct":45.3,"median_distinct_basis_pct":45.5,"median_excluding_repeated_pct":45.5,"p25_pct":86.4,"p75_pct":28.7,"p10_pct":63.3,"p90_pct":28.6,"item_index_pct":67.3,"all_items_cpi_pct":40.7,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"change_vs_five_years_ago":{"median_pct":59.8,"median_distinct_basis_pct":33.4,"median_excluding_repeated_pct":33.2,"p25_pct":99.7,"p75_pct":14.3,"p10_pct":63.3,"p90_pct":28.6,"item_index_pct":54.4,"all_items_cpi_pct":28.3,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":6.77,"2026-08":6.79},"index_12m_pct":0.4},"printers":{"label":"Printers","index_12m_pct":-8.1,"index_previous_12m_pct":-7.8,"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":135.78,"2026-08":124.81},"share_repeated_pct":99.3,"n_quotes_not_repeated":14,"quote_medians_published":false}},"pc_repair":{"label":"PC repair","now":{"window":["2025-09","2026-08"],"n":1681,"median":50,"mean":55.15,"p10":35,"p25":49,"p75":60,"p90":80,"n_distinct_observations":1153,"median_distinct_basis":50,"n_excluding_repeated":1105,"median_excluding_repeated":57,"share_national_replicates_pct":34.3,"small_sample":false,"item_index_12m_average":115,"item_index_base":"2010-01 = 100","all_items_cpi_12m_average":141.07,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"five_years_ago":{"window":["2020-09","2021-08"],"n":1365,"median":57.5,"mean":53.4,"p10":30,"p25":40,"p75":60,"p90":76.8,"n_distinct_observations":1079,"median_distinct_basis":50,"n_excluding_repeated":1053,"median_excluding_repeated":50,"share_national_replicates_pct":22.9,"small_sample":false,"item_index_12m_average":113.33,"item_index_base":"2010-01 = 100","all_items_cpi_12m_average":109.95,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"ten_years_ago":{"window":["2015-09","2016-08"],"n":1093,"median":45,"mean":51.73,"p10":29,"p25":35,"p75":65,"p90":80,"n_distinct_observations":1093,"median_distinct_basis":45,"n_excluding_repeated":1093,"median_excluding_repeated":45,"share_national_replicates_pct":0,"small_sample":false,"item_index_12m_average":107.18,"item_index_base":"2010-01 = 100","all_items_cpi_12m_average":100.27,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"change_vs_ten_years_ago":{"median_pct":11.1,"median_distinct_basis_pct":11.1,"median_excluding_repeated_pct":26.7,"p25_pct":40,"p75_pct":-7.7,"p10_pct":20.7,"p90_pct":0,"item_index_pct":7.3,"all_items_cpi_pct":40.7,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"change_vs_five_years_ago":{"median_pct":-13,"median_distinct_basis_pct":0,"median_excluding_repeated_pct":14,"p25_pct":22.5,"p75_pct":0,"p10_pct":16.7,"p90_pct":4.2,"item_index_pct":1.5,"all_items_cpi_pct":28.3,"all_items_cpi_status":"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics","all_items_cpi_base":"2015 = 100 (12-month average of D7BT)"},"ons_average_price_gbp":{"2025-08":55.95,"2026-08":56.66},"index_12m_pct":1.3},"shop_types":{"usb_sticks":{"multiples":{"n":2590,"median":17,"mean":18.61,"p25":12.97,"p75":22.99,"small_sample":false},"independents":{"n":93,"median":9.99,"mean":11.49,"p25":8,"p75":12.99,"small_sample":false}},"sd_cards":{"multiples":{"n":2287,"median":18.69,"mean":32.23,"p25":12.99,"p75":34.98,"small_sample":false},"independents":{"n":82,"median":9.99,"mean":10.22,"p25":7.62,"p75":10,"small_sample":false}},"paper":{"multiples":{"n":1743,"median":7.99,"mean":7.83,"p25":7.5,"p75":7.99,"small_sample":false},"independents":{"n":94,"median":6.95,"mean":6.15,"p25":4.99,"p75":7,"small_sample":false}}},"regional_indices_2026":{"ink":{"label":"Black inkjet cartridges","item_id":"430530","latest_month":"2026-08","base":"January 2026 = 100","status":"ONS research data, not accredited official statistics","by_region":{"NORTH EAST (ENGLAND)":97.037,"NORTH WEST (ENGLAND)":98.033,"YORKSHIRE AND THE HUMBER (ENGLAND)":99.194,"EAST MIDLANDS (ENGLAND)":90.796,"WEST MIDLANDS (ENGLAND)":97.337,"EAST OF ENGLAND (ENGLAND)":93.399,"LONDON":95.673,"SOUTH EAST (ENGLAND)":93.826,"SOUTH WEST (ENGLAND)":96.887,"NORTHERN IRELAND":95.912,"SCOTLAND":95.374,"WALES":94.478},"regions_below_100":12,"regions_at_100":0,"regions_above_100":0,"lowest":90.796,"highest":99.194,"lowest_1dp":90.8,"highest_1dp":99.2,"national_index_latest":95.622},"pc_repair":{"label":"PC repair","item_id":"440118","latest_month":"2026-08","base":"January 2026 = 100","status":"ONS research data, not accredited official statistics","by_region":{"NORTH EAST (ENGLAND)":100,"NORTH WEST (ENGLAND)":100,"YORKSHIRE AND THE HUMBER (ENGLAND)":107.326,"EAST MIDLANDS (ENGLAND)":100,"WEST MIDLANDS (ENGLAND)":100,"EAST OF ENGLAND (ENGLAND)":100,"LONDON":97.822,"SOUTH EAST (ENGLAND)":101.488,"SOUTH WEST (ENGLAND)":100.467,"NORTHERN IRELAND":100,"SCOTLAND":101.077,"WALES":103.661},"regions_below_100":1,"regions_at_100":6,"regions_above_100":5,"lowest":97.822,"highest":107.326,"lowest_1dp":97.8,"highest_1dp":107.3,"national_index_latest":100.93}},"coverage":{"price_quote_rows_published_unique":25673236,"price_quote_rows_published_unique_note":"Unique published quote rows (all items) for the 200 months, counting each month once from the file chosen for that month.","price_quote_months":200,"items_with_no_quote_rows_in_any_file":["630122","630127","630129","630153","630163","630234"],"note_on_software_and_games":"The ONS price quotes do include computer game items (for example 'COMPUTER GAME 1/2/3' and 'COMPUTER GAME ACCESSORY'), which are outside this study's scope. The statement about software refers to ONS's 'computer software' item (630234), which has no quote rows in any file."},"checks":{"l7gt_max_gap_pct":0.21,"l7gt_window":["2015-01","2026-08"],"l7gu_max_gap_pct":0.09,"d7ep_max_gap_pct":0.74,"d7ep_window":["2010-01","2026-08"],"ons_tool_max_diff_pct":0.004,"january_rule_alternatives_min_worst_gap_pct":7.74,"january_rules_tested":{"study_rule_prev_january_to_2017_prev_december_from_2018":{"L7GT_max_abs_level_difference_pct":0.21,"L7GU_max_abs_level_difference_pct":0.09,"D7EP_max_abs_level_difference_pct":0.74},"prev_january_to_2016_prev_december_from_2017":{"L7GT_max_abs_level_difference_pct":7.74,"L7GU_max_abs_level_difference_pct":2.86,"D7EP_max_abs_level_difference_pct":4.12},"prev_december_every_year":{"L7GT_max_abs_level_difference_pct":18.11,"L7GU_max_abs_level_difference_pct":23.03,"D7EP_max_abs_level_difference_pct":48.93},"prev_january_every_year":{"L7GT_max_abs_level_difference_pct":64.27,"L7GU_max_abs_level_difference_pct":21.63,"D7EP_max_abs_level_difference_pct":35.33}}},"constants":{"window_months":12,"repeat_min_regions":10,"collection_regions":12,"small_sample_n":30,"ten_years":10,"five_years":5,"hedonic_start_years":{"desktop_pcs":2003,"laptops":2005,"tablets":2013},"tablets_in_basket_from":"2012-02","hedonic_review_year":2014,"technical_manual_year":2019,"ons_tool_chained_index_from":"2021-01","ons_tool_annual_growth_from":"2022-01","ons_tool_annual_growth_from_late_items":{"SD cards":"2025-01","USB sticks":"2025-01","printers":"2024-01"},"chain_rule_switch_year":2018,"chain_rule_last_previous_january_year":2017,"ogl_version":"3.0"}},"headlines_from_findings_json":["ONS's quality-adjusted price index for laptops fell 73.9% between January 2010 and August 2026 (7.8% a year on average), while the all-items Consumer Prices Index rose 63.6%. In real terms (after allowing for CPI inflation) that is a fall of 84.0%.","Measured January to January, the laptop index rose in only 2 of the 16 years from 2011 to 2026 (2014, 2019) and fell in every other year.","Over the same period the desktop PC index fell 59.9% and, since tablets entered the basket in February 2012, the tablet index fell 72.1%. The official ONS series for the whole information-processing class (D7EP) fell 57.5%.","In the 12 months to August 2026 the laptop index moved -1.9%, against -13.9% in the previous 12 months (ONS publishes these 12-month changes in its Shopping prices comparison tool). From January to August 2026 it moved +4.3%, against -3.3% over the same months a year earlier.","Desktop PCs: +5.7% in the latest 12 months (previous 12 months -13.0%). Tablets: +8.1% (previous -6.4%). Source for these 12-month changes: ONS Shopping prices comparison tool; this study's chained indices match the tool's to within 0.004% in every month it covers.","The official 12-month rate for personal computers (ONS series L7S3) was above zero in 4 of the 32 months from January 2024 to August 2026: November 2025, April 2026, July 2026, August 2026.","USB stick: the ONS like-for-like index rose +41.6% in the 12 months to August 2026 (as published in the ONS Shopping prices comparison tool). The median price recorded by ONS went from £13.99 (August 2025; 230 quotes, 153 distinct prices) to £19.99 (August 2026; 199 quotes, 122 distinct prices), +42.9%. Leaving out identical shop-and-price quotes repeated across 10+ regions (for most items, centrally collected shops): from £14.49 (n=146) to £19.00 (n=115), +31.1%.","SD card: the ONS like-for-like index rose +66.4% in the 12 months to August 2026 (as published in the ONS Shopping prices comparison tool). The median price recorded by ONS went from £12.99 (August 2025; 213 quotes, 136 distinct prices) to £25.99 (August 2026; 206 quotes, 118 distinct prices), +100.1%. Leaving out identical shop-and-price quotes repeated across 10+ regions (for most items, centrally collected shops): from £13.79 (n=129) to £23.99 (n=110), +74.0%.","No laptop price distribution can be given: none of the 25,673,236 unique price-quote rows ONS published for January 2010 to August 2026 is for a laptop, desktop PC, tablet or PC peripherals item, or for ONS's 'computer software' item (630234); ONS releases only indices for these items.","Black inkjet cartridge: median recorded price £24.99 in the 12 months to August 2026 (n=2,822 quotes, 1,766 distinct shop prices) vs £15.99 ten years earlier; +56.3% over ten years (+58.9% counting each repeated shop-and-price quote once), against +75.2% for the ONS item index and +40.7% for all-items CPI.","A4 printer paper (500 ream): median recorded price £7.99 in the 12 months to August 2026 (n=1,837 quotes, 1,819 distinct shop prices) vs £5.50 ten years earlier; +45.3% over ten years (+45.5% counting each repeated shop-and-price quote once), against +67.3% for the ONS item index and +40.7% for all-items CPI.","Check: rebuilding the official ONS personal-computers series (L7GT) from the published item indices reproduces it to within 0.21% in every month from January 2015 to August 2026, and only this study's January chain-linking rule does so."],"caveats":["Consumer prices including VAT: prices offered to households in the shops and websites ONS samples. Not business, trade, volume or contract prices; delivery charges are not included.","Quality-adjusted indices: ONS adjusts laptop, desktop PC and tablet prices for specification changes (hedonic regression; laptops since 2005, desktop PCs since 2003, tablets since 2013). A falling index means a like-for-like specification got cheaper, not that the typical shelf price fell by the same amount.","ONS research data: ONS says of the item indices and price quotes: 'The figures are provided for research purposes only, are not accredited official statistics, and users should exercise caution when drawing conclusions from their use.' Only the MM23 series (D7BT, D7G7, D7EP, D7J3, L7GT, L7GU, L7S3) are accredited official statistics; figures this study computes from them are labelled 'Derived by this study from accredited official statistics'.","ONS publishes no individual prices for laptops, desktop PCs, tablets or PC peripherals, or for its 'computer software' item, so there is no laptop price level or average laptop price in this study.","Median recorded prices are unweighted and not quality-adjusted. ONS designs its price sample to measure price change, not price levels, so a median describes the quotes ONS recorded, not what every shop charges.","Some quotes are identical shop-and-price quotes repeated across 10+ regions (for most items, centrally collected shops); figures are shown on more than one basis where this matters. Printer quote medians are not published because almost all printer quotes are repeated central-shop prices.","Regional and shop-type medians describe the mix of shops and products priced, not like-for-like price differences.","ONS publishes 12-month (annual growth) changes for these items in its Shopping prices comparison tool from January 2022 (SD cards and USB sticks from January 2025, printers from January 2024). The 2025-26 changes quoted here are ONS's figures. Earlier 12-month changes in the CSV are computed by this study from ONS item indices. They are credited to ONS, not presented as new findings.","ONS data record how prices changed, not why. This study does not measure memory-chip prices and does not attribute any change to a cause.","No endorsement: the OGL 'does not grant you any right to use the Information in a way that suggests any official status or that the Information Provider and/or Licensor endorse you or your use of the Information.'"],"files":{"csv":"/research/uk-tech-prices-2026.csv","readme":"/research/uk-tech-prices-2026-README.txt"},"page":{"status":"Publication-ready text after the 2026-09-19 verification fixes (data/research/ons-laptop-prices-2026/FIXES.md); not yet published.","rule":"Every number in this block appears in the JSON fields its refs name (years in a ref path count); scripts/04_publish.py fails otherwise.","title":"UK laptop and tech prices 2010–2026: what ONS consumer price data show","subtitle":"Consumer prices including VAT, from ONS quality-adjusted price indices and price quotes. Not business or trade prices.","attribution":"Source: Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open Government Licence v.3.0","status_label_research":"ONS research data, not accredited official statistics","caveatsUpFront":[{"text":"Consumer prices including VAT: prices offered to households in the shops and websites ONS samples, not business, trade or contract prices.","refs":[]},{"text":"Quality-adjusted indices: ONS adjusts laptop (since 2005), desktop PC (since 2003) and tablet (since 2013) prices for specification changes, so a falling index means a like-for-like specification got cheaper, not that shelf prices fell by the same amount.","refs":["findings.constants.hedonic_start_years"]},{"text":"ONS research data: ONS says the item indices and price quotes \"are provided for research purposes only, are not accredited official statistics, and users should exercise caution when drawing conclusions from their use\". Only the MM23 series quoted (CPI all items, personal computers, data processing equipment) are accredited official statistics.","refs":[]},{"text":"No laptop price level: ONS publishes no individual prices for laptops, desktop PCs or tablets, so median prices are given only for USB sticks, SD cards, ink, paper and PC repair.","refs":[]}],"summary":{"text":"ONS's quality-adjusted price index for laptops fell 73.9% between January 2010 and August 2026, 7.8% a year on average, while all-items CPI rose 63.6%. Desktop PCs fell 59.9% and tablets 72.1% (from February 2012). The 12 months to August 2026 broke the pattern for desktops (+5.7%, after −13.0% a year earlier) and tablets (+8.1%, after −6.4%), while laptops moved −1.9%. ONS's SD card index rose 66.4% and its USB stick index 41.6% over the same 12 months. Over ten years the median recorded price of a black inkjet cartridge rose 56.3%, against 40.7% for CPI. ONS publishes no laptop price level, only indices. All figures are UK consumer prices including VAT; ONS describes its item-level data as research data, not accredited official statistics.","refs":["findings.long_run.laptops","findings.long_run.period","findings.turn_2025_26.laptops","findings.turn_2025_26.desktops","findings.turn_2025_26.tablets","findings.turn_2025_26.latest_window","findings.constants.window_months","findings.long_run.desktops","findings.long_run.tablets","findings.constants","findings.memory.sd_cards.index_12m_pct","findings.memory.usb_sticks.index_12m_pct","findings.printing.ink.change_vs_ten_years_ago","findings.constants.tablets_in_basket_from"],"words":123},"keyFindings":[{"id":"laptops-long-fall","title":"Laptops −73.9% since 2010 (quality-adjusted)","text":"Laptops: −73.9% since January 2010, quality-adjusted. ONS's laptop price index fell 73.9% between January 2010 and August 2026 (7.8% a year on average), while all-items CPI rose 63.6%; after inflation that is a fall of 84.0%. Measured January to January, the index rose in only 2 of 16 years (2014 and 2019). The index tracks a like-for-like specification, not the average price paid.","refs":["findings.long_run.laptops","findings.long_run.period"]},{"id":"turn-2025-26","title":"Desktops +5.7%, tablets +8.1% in the 12 months to August 2026","text":"Desktop PCs and tablets turned up in 2025–26. In the 12 months to August 2026 ONS's desktop PC index rose 5.7% (previous 12 months −13.0%) and its tablet index 8.1% (previous −6.4%); laptops moved −1.9% (previous −13.9%). ONS's accredited 12-month rate for personal computers (L7S3) was above zero in 4 of the 32 months from January 2024: November 2025, April 2026, July 2026 and August 2026. ONS publishes these 12-month changes in its Shopping prices comparison tool.","refs":["findings.turn_2025_26.laptops","findings.turn_2025_26.desktops","findings.turn_2025_26.tablets","findings.turn_2025_26.latest_window","findings.constants.window_months","findings.turn_2025_26.l7s3_positive_months","findings.turn_2025_26.l7s3_months","findings.turn_2025_26.l7s3_window"]},{"id":"memory-products","title":"SD cards +66.4%, USB sticks +41.6% in a year","text":"SD cards +66.4%, USB sticks +41.6%. ONS's like-for-like SD card index rose 66.4% and its USB stick index 41.6% in the 12 months to August 2026 (ONS figures, also published in its Shopping prices comparison tool). The median SD card price ONS recorded went from £12.99 to £25.99 (213 to 206 quotes; 136 to 118 distinct prices) and the USB stick median from £13.99 to £19.99. Leaving out identical shop-and-price quotes repeated across 10+ regions (for most items, centrally collected shops), the SD card median went from £13.79 to £23.99 (+74.0%) and the USB stick median from £14.49 to £19.00 (+31.1%).","refs":["findings.memory","findings.constants"]},{"id":"printing-costs","title":"Ink median +56.3% in ten years (CPI +40.7%)","text":"Printer ink up 56.3% in ten years, faster than CPI. The median recorded price of a black inkjet cartridge was £24.99 in the 12 months to August 2026 (2,822 quotes), against £15.99 in the 12 months to August 2016: +56.3% (+58.9% counting each repeated shop-and-price quote once). Comparing the same 12-month windows, ONS's ink index rose 75.2% and all-items CPI 40.7%. A4 paper: £7.99 against £5.50, +45.3% (index +67.3%).","refs":["findings.printing.ink","findings.printing.paper","findings.constants"]},{"id":"pc-repair","title":"PC repair index +7.3% in ten years","text":"PC repair rose less than inflation. ONS's PC repair index was 7.3% higher in the 12 months to August 2026 than in the 12 months to August 2016, against 40.7% for all-items CPI. The median recorded repair price was £50.00 in the 12 months to August 2026 (1,681 quotes) and £45.00 ten years earlier.","refs":["findings.pc_repair","findings.constants"]},{"id":"no-laptop-price-level","title":"No ONS laptop price level: indices only","text":"ONS publishes no laptop price level. None of the 25,673,236 unique price-quote rows ONS published for January 2010 to August 2026 is for a laptop, desktop PC, tablet or PC peripherals item, or for ONS's 'computer software' item, and ONS's Shopping prices comparison tool shows no average price for them. Rebuilt from ONS's published item indices with this study's chain-linking, ONS's accredited personal-computers series (L7GT) is reproduced to within 0.21% in every month from January 2015, and the chained item indices match ONS's own to within 0.004%.","refs":["findings.coverage","findings.checks","findings.long_run.period"]}],"sections":[{"id":"long-fall","heading":"The long fall in laptop prices","text":"ONS publishes only a quality-adjusted index for laptops, desktop PCs and tablets, not the individual prices behind them (its Technical Manual describes personal computers as centrally compiled national indices). Chain-linking those item indices gives a continuous series from January 2010. The laptop index fell 73.9% to 26.1 (January 2010 = 100), an average fall of 7.8% a year, while all-items CPI rose 63.6%; after inflation that is a fall of 84.0%. It fell January-on-January in 14 of 16 years; the exceptions were 2014 and 2019. Desktop PCs fell 59.9% and PC peripherals 41.1% over the same period, and tablets 72.1% from February 2012. ONS's accredited series for the whole data processing equipment class (D7EP) fell 57.5%. Quality adjustment matters for reading these numbers. ONS uses hedonic regression for laptops (since 2005), desktop PCs (since 2003) and tablets (since 2013), so the index measures the price of a constant specification: a fall can reflect more memory, storage or processing power for the same money rather than a lower shelf price. The chain uses a rule this study found in the data: in the published item-index files, the January figure compares with the previous January up to 2017 and with the previous December from 2018. ONS's Technical Manual and its guide to publishing consumer prices describe chain-linking through January, but no ONS page found states which base the January figure in the item files uses. Under this rule the rebuilt personal-computers series matches ONS's accredited L7GT to within 0.21% in every month; each alternative rule tested misses at least one accredited series by 7.7% or more in its worst month.","refs":["findings.long_run.laptops","findings.long_run.period","findings.long_run.desktops","findings.long_run.tablets","findings.long_run.pc_peripherals","findings.long_run.d7ep","findings.constants","findings.checks"]},{"id":"turn-2025-26","heading":"The 2025–26 turn","text":"The 12 months to August 2026 were different. ONS's desktop PC index rose 5.7%, after −13.0% in the previous 12 months, and its tablet index rose 8.1%, after −6.4%. The laptop index still fell, but by 1.9% against 13.9% a year earlier, and from January to August 2026 it rose 4.3%, against −3.3% over the same months of 2025. ONS's accredited 12-month rate for personal computers (L7S3) was above zero in 4 of the 32 months from January 2024 to August 2026 (November 2025, April 2026, July 2026 and August 2026); it was +2.2% in August 2026. The rate for the wider data processing equipment class (D7J3) was −2.5%. These 12-month changes are ONS figures, published in its Shopping prices comparison tool; this study's chained indices match the tool's to within 0.004%. ONS data record how prices moved, not why: this study does not measure component or memory-chip prices and does not attribute the changes to a cause.","refs":["findings.turn_2025_26.laptops","findings.turn_2025_26.desktops","findings.turn_2025_26.tablets","findings.turn_2025_26.latest_window","findings.constants.window_months","findings.turn_2025_26.l7s3_positive_months","findings.turn_2025_26.l7s3_months","findings.turn_2025_26.l7s3_window","findings.turn_2025_26.l7s3_latest_pct","findings.turn_2025_26.d7j3_latest_pct","findings.turn_2025_26.since_january_window","findings.turn_2025_26.previous_window","findings.checks.ons_tool_max_diff_pct"]},{"id":"memory-products","heading":"Memory products: SD cards and USB sticks","text":"SD cards and USB sticks, which ONS has priced since February 2024 (its 'portable digital storage device' item was priced until January 2024), rose most of the items in this study. ONS's SD card index rose 66.4% in the 12 months to August 2026, after −2.1% in the previous 12 months; its USB stick index rose 41.6%, after +2.4%. Because ONS publishes the individual prices behind these two items, the prices themselves can be described. The median SD card price ONS recorded was £12.99 in August 2025 (213 quotes, 136 distinct prices) and £25.99 in August 2026 (206 quotes, 118 distinct prices). For USB sticks the median went from £13.99 (230 quotes, 153 distinct prices) to £19.99 (199 quotes, 122 distinct prices). In August 2025 and August 2026, 39.4% and 46.6% of SD card quotes, and 36.5% and 42.2% of USB stick quotes, were identical shop-and-price quotes repeated across 10+ regions (for most items, centrally collected shops). Leaving them out, the SD card median went from £13.79 to £23.99 (+74.0%; 129 and 110 quotes) and the USB stick median from £14.49 to £19.00 (+31.1%; 146 and 115 quotes). ONS's own average prices in the Shopping prices comparison tool are £15.48 and £25.76 for SD cards and £14.16 and £20.05 for USB sticks in the same months. ONS's average is a weighted mean of January prices carried forward by the item's index; the medians here are the middle of the prices recorded that month, so the two differ.","refs":["findings.memory","findings.constants"]},{"id":"printing-costs","heading":"Printing costs","text":"Printing consumables rose faster than general inflation over ten years. The median recorded price of a black inkjet cartridge was £24.99 in the 12 months to August 2026 (2,822 quotes, 1,766 distinct shop prices), against £15.99 in the 12 months to August 2016: +56.3%, or +58.9% counting each repeated shop-and-price quote once. Comparing the same 12-month windows, ONS's like-for-like ink index rose 75.2% and all-items CPI 40.7%. A 500-sheet ream of A4 paper had a median of £7.99 against £5.50 ten years earlier (+45.3%; index +67.3%). Five-year comparisons depend on how repeated prices are counted, so both bases are given: ink +25.0% on all quotes and +35.0% counting each repeated price once; paper +59.8% and +33.4%. Printers themselves got cheaper on ONS's index: −8.1% in the 12 months to August 2026 after −7.8% the year before. Printer quote medians are not given here, because 99.3% of printer quotes in the latest 12 months are repeated central-shop prices, leaving 14 quotes that are not.","refs":["findings.printing","findings.constants"]},{"id":"regions-shop-types","heading":"Regions and shop types","text":"ONS collects local prices in 12 regions and, for some items, records whether the shop is a multiple (10 or more outlets) or an independent. In the 12 months to August 2026, independents' median USB stick price was £9.99 (93 quotes) against £17.00 at multiples (2,590 quotes); for SD cards £9.99 (82) against £18.69 (2,287); for A4 paper £6.95 (94) against £7.99 (1,743). These gaps describe the products and shops priced, not like-for-like differences: in each shop, collectors choose a variety 'representative of what people buy in your area'. Regional medians are published in the dataset with their sample sizes. They too reflect the mix priced, and USB sticks, SD cards and paper are sampled by shop type rather than designed as regional estimates. Since February 2026 ONS also publishes regional indices, which measure price change within each region (January 2026 = 100). For ink, all 12 regions were below their January level in August 2026 (from 90.8 to 99.2). For PC repair, 6 regions were unchanged since January, 5 higher and 1 lower.","refs":["findings.shop_types","findings.constants","findings.regional_indices_2026"]},{"id":"what-it-means","heading":"What it means for buyers","text":"For anyone planning IT purchases, a few practical points follow. First, over the long run a like-for-like laptop specification has become cheaper in most years (the index fell January-on-January in 14 of 16 years), so the same budget has usually bought a higher specification over time. Second, that is not guaranteed: in the 12 months to August 2026 desktop PC and tablet indices rose 5.7% and 8.1%, and the memory products in the study rose far more (SD cards +66.4%, USB sticks +41.6%). It may be prudent to allow a margin for price rises rather than assume a steady fall, and to get current quotes before fixing a budget. Third, running costs can outpace inflation: over ten years the median ink cartridge price rose 56.3% against 40.7% for CPI, so printing-heavy teams may want to track consumables separately from hardware. Finally, these are consumer prices including VAT for single items. Business, volume and contract prices, and the VAT position of a business, can differ, so use the figures for direction rather than as a price list. ONS data describe past prices and are not a forecast.","refs":["findings.long_run.laptops","findings.long_run.period","findings.turn_2025_26.laptops","findings.turn_2025_26.desktops","findings.turn_2025_26.tablets","findings.turn_2025_26.latest_window","findings.constants.window_months","findings.memory.sd_cards.index_12m_pct","findings.memory.usb_sticks.index_12m_pct","findings.printing.ink.change_vs_ten_years_ago"]}],"sourceCredit":{"id":"source-credit","heading":"What ONS already publishes, and what this study adds","text":"ONS publishes 12-month (annual growth) changes for these items in its Shopping prices comparison tool from January 2022 (SD cards and USB sticks from January 2025, printers from January 2024). The 2025-26 changes quoted here are ONS's figures. Earlier 12-month changes in the CSV are computed by this study from ONS item indices. They are credited to ONS and are not presented as new findings. This study adds: a chained monthly series from January 2010 reconciled to ONS's accredited MM23 aggregates; evidence that ONS publishes no laptop, desktop PC or tablet price level; quote distributions (medians, percentiles, sample sizes) for USB sticks, SD cards, ink, paper and PC repair, with a sensitivity for repeated shop prices; 5- and 10-year comparisons against the item index and CPI; and region and shop-type splits. ONS's 'average price' is a weighted mean of the prices collected in the latest January, carried forward each month by the item's index growth since January. This study's 'median recorded price' is the unweighted middle value of the quotes ONS recorded in that month. They answer different questions, and ONS notes that its price sample is designed to capture price change, not price levels.","refs":["findings.constants","findings.long_run.period","ons_shopping_prices_tool.credit"]},"faq":[{"q":"Have laptop prices gone up or down in the UK?","a":"ONS's quality-adjusted laptop index fell 73.9% between January 2010 and August 2026, while all-items CPI rose 63.6%. In the 12 months to August 2026 it moved −1.9%, a much smaller fall than the −13.9% of the year before, and from January to August 2026 it rose 4.3%. Desktop PC and tablet indices rose 5.7% and 8.1% over the latest 12 months. The indices measure like-for-like specifications, not average prices paid.","refs":["findings.long_run.laptops","findings.long_run.period","findings.turn_2025_26.laptops","findings.turn_2025_26.desktops","findings.turn_2025_26.tablets","findings.turn_2025_26.latest_window","findings.constants.window_months"]},{"q":"What is the average price of a laptop in the UK according to ONS?","a":"ONS does not publish one. It releases only a quality-adjusted index for laptops, desktop PCs and tablets; none of the 25,673,236 unique price-quote rows it published for January 2010 to August 2026 is for these items, and its Shopping prices comparison tool shows no average price for them. Any 'average laptop price' attributed to ONS should be treated with caution.","refs":["findings.coverage","findings.long_run.period"]},{"q":"How much have SD card and USB stick prices risen?","a":"ONS's SD card index rose 66.4% and its USB stick index 41.6% in the 12 months to August 2026. The median SD card price ONS recorded went from £12.99 to £25.99 and the USB stick median from £13.99 to £19.99. ONS price data record how prices changed, not why, and this study does not attribute the rise to a cause.","refs":["findings.memory","findings.constants"]},{"q":"How much has printer ink gone up?","a":"The median recorded price of a black inkjet cartridge was £24.99 in the 12 months to August 2026, against £15.99 ten years earlier: +56.3% (+58.9% counting each repeated shop price once). Comparing the same 12-month windows, ONS's ink index rose 75.2% and all-items CPI 40.7%. ONS's average price for the item was £27.01 in August 2026.","refs":["findings.printing.ink","findings.constants"]},{"q":"Are these business or trade prices?","a":"No. They are consumer prices including VAT, collected by ONS in shops and on websites for its consumer price statistics (delivery charges are excluded). Business, volume and contract prices can differ, so use the figures as a guide to direction rather than as a quote.","refs":[]},{"q":"What does 'quality-adjusted' mean?","a":"ONS adjusts the laptop, desktop PC and tablet indices for changes in specification using hedonic regression (laptops since 2005, desktop PCs since 2003, tablets since 2013). When a new model has more memory or a faster processor, ONS estimates the value of that improvement, so the index shows the change in price for the same specification. A fall can therefore mean more computer for the money rather than a lower shelf price.","refs":["findings.constants.hedonic_start_years"]},{"q":"Are these official ONS statistics?","a":"Partly. The all-items CPI and the personal-computers and data processing equipment series (D7BT, D7G7, L7GT, L7S3, D7EP, D7J3) are accredited official statistics; where this study rebases or averages them, the result is labelled \"Derived by this study from accredited official statistics\". The item indices and price quotes behind most figures here are ONS research data: ONS says they \"are provided for research purposes only, are not accredited official statistics, and users should exercise caution when drawing conclusions from their use\". The data are used under the Open Government Licence v3.0; this analysis is Servnet's and is not endorsed by ONS.","refs":["findings.constants.ogl_version"]},{"q":"How is this different from the ONS Shopping prices comparison tool?","a":"ONS publishes 12-month (annual growth) changes for these items in its Shopping prices comparison tool from January 2022 (SD cards and USB sticks from January 2025, printers from January 2024). The 2025-26 changes quoted here are ONS's figures. Earlier 12-month changes in the CSV are computed by this study from ONS item indices. They are credited to ONS. The tool also gives chained indices from January 2021 and, for some items, average prices. This study adds a chained series back to January 2010 reconciled to ONS's accredited aggregates, quote distributions with sample sizes, 5- and 10-year comparisons, and region and shop-type splits. ONS's average price is a weighted mean of January prices carried forward by the index; the medians here are the middle of the prices recorded each month, so the two can differ: for SD cards in August 2025, ONS's average was £15.48 and the median £12.99.","refs":["findings.memory.sd_cards","findings.constants","findings.long_run.period","ons_shopping_prices_tool.credit"]}]}}