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RAID 50 calculator

Striped RAID 5 groups — more performance and safer rebuilds than RAID 5. Set your drives below for live usable capacity, fault tolerance, IOPS, rebuild time and URE risk.

DataDistributed parity

1 · Choose a RAID level

Stripe & mirror
Single parity
Dual / triple parity
Nested
ZFS RAID-Z

Striped RAID 5 groups. One failure per group; a second loss in any one group is fatal.

2 · Configure drives

3 · Drive class

3.5" nearline SAS/SATA capacity HDD — indicative figures.

Advanced — read/write mix, URE rate
RAID 50 · 8 × 12 TB
72 TB usable
of 96 TB raw · 75% efficiency
Fault tolerance1 per RAID-5 group (up to 2); a 2nd loss in any one group is fatal
Write penalty×4
IOPS estR ≈960 · W ≈240 · mix ≈505
Throughput estR ≈2K · W ≈2K MB/s
Rebuild / drive est≈ 41.7 h
URE on rebuild risk25.0%

During a single-drive rebuild there is no remaining redundancy — a URE on a surviving drive means data loss for the affected stripe. Real controllers mitigate via patrol reads/scrubs, so field results are often better.

Capacity distribution75% usableUsable: 72 TB72Parity: 24 TB24Usable · 72 TBParity · 24 TB
Fault tolerance — parity per groupgroup 1DDDPgroup 2DDDPDataParity1 per RAID-5 group (up to 2); a 2nd loss in any one group is fatal
IOPS — back-end budget vs deliveredBack-end budget960Front-end read960Front-end write240Write penalty ×4 — each host write costs 4 back-end I/Os
URE risk during a single-drive rebuild0%25%50%75%100%25%data read during rebuild (153.6 TB →)URE 1 in 10^15

Calculated for planning. We don't publish prices — a 24-year UK reseller, Servnet confirms the exact drives, array and pricing on quote. IOPS, throughput & rebuild are indicative estimates.

Overview

What RAID 50 is

RAID 50 stripes data across several RAID 5 groups. Usable capacity is groups × (drives-per-group − 1) × drive size, and each group independently survives one failure — so a 2-group array can survive up to two failures, provided no group loses two drives.

Splitting a large pool into smaller parity groups shortens rebuilds and limits the blast radius of a failure compared with one wide RAID 5, while keeping good capacity efficiency. It is a common middle ground for large arrays that need more performance than RAID 5 but more capacity than RAID 10.

At a glance
Usable capacitygroups × (per-group − 1) × drive size
Minimum drives6
Fault tolerance1 per RAID-5 group
Write penalty×4
Worked example
2 groups × 4 × 12 TB nearline72 TB usable, 1 failure per group

Two RAID 5 groups of four 12 TB drives give 72 TB usable. Each group rebuilds independently and faster than one wide eight-drive RAID 5 — but if either group loses a second drive mid-rebuild, the whole array is lost.

Advantages

  • Better performance than a single wide RAID 5
  • Shorter, lower-risk rebuilds (per group)
  • Good capacity efficiency
  • Survives one failure per group

Trade-offs

  • A second failure in any one group is fatal
  • More complex to plan (group sizing)
  • Inherits RAID 5’s ×4 write penalty
  • Needs at least 6 drives

Best for

  • Large arrays needing balance of capacity + performance
  • Sequential and read-heavy workloads at scale
  • Where one wide RAID 5 would rebuild too slowly

Consider another level when

  • Write-heavy databases (use RAID 10)
  • Maximum resilience needs (use RAID 60)
  • Small arrays
Level landscape — efficiency vs fault tolerance (typical)012325%50%75%100%drives survivedspace efficiency →RAID 0RAID 5RAID 50RAID-Z1RAID 6RAID 60RAID-Z2RAID-Z3RAID 10RAID 1

RAID 50 — common questions

How is RAID 50 capacity calculated?

Usable capacity is groups × (drives-per-group − 1) × drive size. Two groups of four 12 TB drives give 2 × (4−1) × 12 = 72 TB usable.

How many drives can RAID 50 lose?

One per RAID 5 group — so a two-group array can survive two failures if they land in different groups. A second failure within the same group before its rebuild completes loses the array. The calculator reports the guaranteed figure and the best case.

RAID 50 vs RAID 6?

RAID 50 often gives more performance and can match capacity, but it only tolerates one failure per group, whereas RAID 6 tolerates any two failures across the whole array. For maximum resilience on large drives, RAID 6 or RAID 60 is safer.