The one generational comparison this document draws looks backwards, to the 13G R730 and R730xd. For a refurbished buyer that is the more useful direction: both generations are on the second-hand market at once, and the gaps between them are concrete rather than promotional.
13GPowerEdge R730 / R730xd
14GPowerEdge R740
Processors
Intel Xeon E5-2600 product family
2 × Intel Xeon Scalable, 1st and 2nd Gen · up to 28 cores
Interconnect
Intel QuickPath Interconnect (QPI)
Intel Ultra Path Interconnect (UPI)
Memory
24 × DDR4 RDIMM / LRDIMM
24 × DDR4 RDIMM / LRDIMM · plus 12 × NVDIMM-N or 12 × Optane DCPMM
Drives
3.5", 2.5" or 1.8" 12 Gb SAS / 6 Gb SATA · 4 × PCIe SSD
3.5" or 2.5" 12 Gb SAS / 6 Gb SATA · up to 24 × NVMe across the pair
Storage controllers
HBA330, H330, H730, H730P, H830 · S130 software RAID
HBA330, HBA350i, H330, H350, H730P, H740P, H750, H840, HBA355e · S140
PCIe slots
Max 7 × PCIe 3.0, or 6 in some builds
Max 8 × PCIe 3.0
Networking
rNDC: 4 × 1GbE, 4 × 10GbE, or 2 × 10GbE + 2 × 1GbE
rNDC: the same three, plus 2 × 25GbE
Management
iDRAC8 · Quick Sync 1.0 · Lifecycle Controller
iDRAC9 · Quick Sync 2.0 · Lifecycle Controller 3.x
Rack height
2U
2U
Source: Dell EMC PowerEdge R740 and R740xd Technical Guide, Table 2 (R740/R740xd set against R730/R730xd).
Three 14th-generation PowerEdge rack servers sit in our verified catalogue, and the bars show where each one stops: this machine, the storage-heavy R740xd that shares its processor list and most of its chassis, and the 1U R640 that gives up bays and riser space to halve the rack height.
Every figure on this page, set against the machines buyers weigh it up with.